电动汽车用电机及其控制器振动试验方法的探讨

振动试验是汽车产品设计验证和质量检验重要试验方法。本文主要从试验标准、试验条件、振动试验中主要参数的计算推导及应用、试验工装的设计、试验中应注意的问题等方面对电动汽车电机及其控制器的振动试验进行介绍。     

天津水质自动监测通讯系统─—电源易损及信息传输

本文对引进的天津水质自动监测系统在运行期间，通讯系统出现的故障作了全面的剖析研究，并提出了解决这些问题的方法。     

A new marine reptile from the Triassic of China,with a highly specialized feeding adaptation

The Luoping fauna (Anisian, Middle Triassic) is probably the oldest of Triassic faunas in Guizhou–Yunnan area, China. The reptilian assemblage is comprised of ichthyosaurs, a number of sauropterygians (pachypleurosaur-like forms), saurosphargids, protorosaurs, and archosauriforms. Here, we report on a peculiar reptile, newly found in this fauna. Its dentition is fence or comb-like and bears more than 175 pleurodont teeth in each ramus of the upper and lower jaws, tooth crown is needle-like distally and blade-shaped proximally; its rostrum strongly bends downward and the anterior end of its mandible expands both dorsally and ventrally to form a shovel-headed structure; and its ungual phalanges are hoof-shaped. The specializations of the jaws and dentition indicate that the reptile may have been adapted to a way of bottom-filter feeding in water. It is obvious that such delicate teeth are not strong enough to catch prey, but were probably used as a barrier to filter microorganisms or benthic invertebrates such as sea worms. These were collected by the specialized jaws, which may have functioned as a shovel or pushdozer (the mandible) and a grasper or scratcher (the rostrum). Our preliminary analysis suggests that the new reptile might be more closely related to the Sauropterygia than to other marine reptiles.     

微生物在生物煤层气形成中的作用及影响因素研究进展

在当今能源紧缺和环境污染严重的前提下,煤层气作为一类非常规天然气,越来越受到人们的重视。传统观点认为煤层甲烷多由高温热解产生,但是根据甲烷的同位素特征来判断,世界很多地方(包括我国鄂尔多斯、淮南等地)的煤层气多属生物成因或者生物和热成因混合。同时,越来越多的生物学证据也表明种类多样的产甲烷相关微生物广泛存在于煤层伴生地层水中或者煤层样品中。这也说明生物成因的煤层气仍然在不断地产生,这也为利用生物方法促进煤层气产生和利用提供了良好的契机。本文将介绍产甲烷微生物种群构成与功能、产气途径、影响产气速率的因素,探讨我国微生物强化产煤层气并实现产业化的应用前景。     

中国中小城镇生活垃圾"双解"处理技术研究

利用热重-红外光谱连用分析技术对生活垃圾中六种典型成分的热解特性进行研究,研究结果表明生活垃圾中食物残渣、木屑及纸三种生物质类组份的主要热解温度区间为150℃~600℃,热解过程中的主要挥发分为H2O、CO2、CO及含-COOH等多组分气体.PP、PVC及皮革三种人造制品的主要热解温度区间为200℃~500℃,热解过程中的主要挥发分包括CH4、CO2及CO等小分子气体等.根据热解特性研究结果,设计了一套适用于中小处理规模的生活垃圾的"双解"(热解气化+富氧分解)工艺,同时基于本工艺设计出一种新型卧式"双解炉".     

农村水污染防治源头控制政策与技术研究

从源头控制农业污染源进入水体,是实现水质提升的重要途径.目前中国农村污水防治政策制度进入强化和完善阶段,但在某些细化领域还存在空白.农村生活污水和畜禽养殖污水的治理技术比较成熟,而农业种植径流、水产养殖污水、坑塘污水等农村污染源,还未有相关的治理技术指南发布.建议从完善政策法规、强化执法和激励,做好农村发展规划,合理安排种植业、养殖业布局,以及加强资金投入与环境监管等方面加强农村水污染防治工作.     

Simultaneous preconcentration of cadmium and lead in water samples with silica gel and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

A new method that utilizes pretreated silica gel as an adsorbent has been developed for simultaneous preconcentration of trace Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) prior to the measurement by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The effects of pH, the shaking time, the elution condition and the coexisting ions on the separation/preconcentration conditions of analytes were investigated. Under optimized conditions, the static adsorption capacity of Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) were 45.5 and 27.1mg/g, the relative standard deviations were 3.2% and 1.7% (for n = 11), and the limits of detection obtained were 4.25 and 0.60 ng/mL, respectively. The method was validated by analyzing the certified reference materials GBW 07304a (stream sediment) and successfully applied to the analysis of various treated wastewater samples with satisfactory results.     

A cumulative-risk assessment method based on an artificial neural network model for the water environment

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To analyze the cumulative risks to the water environment, the backpropagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN), a self-adapting algorithm, was...     

An evaluation of the impact of natural ecotourism on environmental pollution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The existing models that measure the environmental pollution impact of ecotourism suffer from the problems of low success rate and poor accuracy. We...     

环丙沙星在污水处理过程中的迁移转化及对污水生物处理的影响

环丙沙星(Ciprofloxacin,CIP)是一种被广泛用于人类医学和动物疾病预防的抗生素类药物,在自然环境中普遍存在,以前的研究主要集中在采用不同方式对环境介质中的CIP进行吸附降解及CIP的药物作用上,有关其在污水处理过程中的迁移转化及对污水生物处理的影响尚不得而知.基于此,本文通过CIP在活性污泥处理污水中的迁移转化实验,解析其对污水生物处理过程的影响.实验结果表明:CIP的去除途径主要为生物吸附,且对低浓度CIP(0.003、0.03和0.3 mg·L~(-1))有较好的吸附效果,但高浓度CIP(3和6 mg·L~(-1))很难被去除;CIP短期/长期暴露对污泥活性及污泥生物细胞完整性无显著影响,但长期暴露会显著提高活性污泥沉降性能,同时会降低生物脱氮除磷的效率.CIP(0.05、0.5、5 mg·L~(-1))的存在使磷的去除率从97.1%±1.2%分别下降到95.8%±0.9%、89.1%±0.6%和74.3%±0.7%,出水中氨氮的去除率从96.1%±1.1%分别下降到94.6%±0.8%、87.9%±0.4%和70.2%±0.6%.机理实验表明,CIP通过抑制好氧阶段和缺氧阶段胞内聚合物聚羟基脂肪酸酯和糖原的转化来抑制磷的吸收和反硝化过程,这是CIP影响生物脱氮除磷的重要原因.此外,亚硝酸盐还原酶和多磷酸激酶的活性也受到CIP的抑制.