Developing “precise-acting” strategies for improving anaerobic methanogenesis of organic waste: Insights from the electron transfer system of syntrophic partners

Methanogenesis is the last step in anaerobic digestion, which is usually a rate-limiting step in the biological treatment of organic waste. The low methanogenesis efficiency (low methane production rate, low methane yield, low methane content) substantially limits the development of anaerobic digestion technology. Traditional pretreatment methods and bio-stimulation strategies have impacts on the entire anaerobic system and cannot directly enhance methanogenesis in a targeted manner, which was defined as “broad-acting” strategies in this perspective. Further, we discussed our opinion of methanogenesis process with insights from the electron transfer system of syntrophic partners and provided potential targeted enhancing strategy for high-efficiency electron transfer system. These “precise-acting” strategies are expected to achieve an efficient methanogenesis process and enhance the bio-energy recovery of organic waste.     

Preparation and performance characterization of a new dust suppressant with a cross-linked network structure for use in open-pit coal mines

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In an effort to control dust pollution in open-air environments such as pit coal mines and coal transportation systems, a new dust suppressant with a...     

Soil erosion hazard evaluation—An integrated use of remote sensing,GIS and statistical approaches with biophysical parameters towards management strategies

Soil erosion hazard maps can be an essential tool in erosion prone areas as they explain and display the distribution of hazards and areas likely to be affected to different magnitudes. Therefore, it is very useful to planners and policy makers initiating remedial measures and for prioritizing areas. In this study, a numerical model was developed for soil erosion hazard assessment, in which Z-score analysis was combined with a geographical information system (GIS) to compute a synthetic soil erosion hazard index (SEHI). For this model, nine factors which have notable impact on soil erosion were selected. To generate the selected factors remote sensing, analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and GIS techniques along with spatial models were applied. To standardize all of the factors and establish the factor weights, the AHP method was adopted. For Z-score analysis with selected standardized factors, the Integrated Land and Water Information System (ILWIS) software was used and nine individual layers with Z-scores were prepared. Afterwards, the layers were integrated with their factor weights by means of a weighted linear combination to derive a SEHI value for each pixel. To classify the discrete SEHI map to represent a meaningful regionalization of soil erosion hazard, the equal distance cluster principle was used and graded into four levels of hazard; very high, high, moderate and low. The results depicted that in general, a moderate hazardous condition of soil erosion was found in the study area and the proposed approach was also able to identify the areas under high and very high hazards that require urgent intervention on a priority basis. Based on this study, comprehensive erosion hazard management strategies were anticipated for the efficient management of present and future erosion disaster in the area.     

我国职业伤害经济损失研究

结合国情 ,在全面、系统地研究了我国工业企业职业伤害的经济损失的基础上 ,对需要明确的若干问题进行了阐述。主要内容有 :国内外职业伤害的经济损失研究现状 ;职业伤害的经济损失的调查、统计与分析技术 ;工伤事故的经济损失估算方法及其主要规律等。     

海洋硅藻三角褐指藻经黑暗与UV辐射后的补偿生长(英文)

补偿生长是生物体对环境变化的一种适应性反应,主要指生物体遭受到不良环境胁迫后其生长及生理机能受到制约,但当不良环境胁迫解除后,生物体的生长能力会得到不同程度的恢复,表现出相对未受不良环境胁迫生物体超常生长的现象.迄今为止,补偿生长研究的对象主要集中在水生动物、反刍动物和高等植物上,而针对体积微小的海洋浮游植物的研究非常有限.海洋微藻是海洋生态系统最主要的初级生产者,在自然界物质和能量流动中扮演着至关重要的角色;同时,它们可以广泛应用在水产养殖、食品加工、医药保健、环境保护和生物制能等各种行业,具有非常好地开发利用前景.本文利用海洋硅藻三角褐指藻为试验材料,设置黑暗胁迫和UV辐射胁迫处理,着重测定微藻在恢复生长时期的藻生物量,叶绿素a含量和蛋白质含鼍等指标,探讨经黑暗与UV辐射胁迫后三角褐指藻的补偿生长现象.结果显示,无论是先经正常光照处理还是2 d黑暗处理,UV辐射0.1 rain和0.8 rain的微藻生物量都明显高于不经UV辐射胁迫的微藻生物置;此外,经过不同程度的黑暗与UV辐射处理后,微藻在恢复生长期的叶绿素a和蛋白质含量在某特定生长时期中明显高于对照组的叶绿素a和蛋白质含最.结果表明,三角褐指藻对外界环境变化具有适应能力,一旦不良环境胁迫被解除,微藻会表现出一定的补偿生长效应.我们的研究结果不但拓展和丰富了目前补偿生长的研究对象范围,而且还能为当前赤潮的形成、预测和防治提供一个新的研究思路,为有益经济微藻的高效率培养与利用提供理论指导.     

C4植物甜高梁和玉米幼苗对Zn胁迫的响应差异

实验采用营养液培养法,设置2,50,100,500和1000μmol-L-1浓度ZnSO4处理,比较C4植物甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench.)和玉米(Zeamays.L)幼苗对zn胁迫的响应差异.结果表明,甜高粱对重金属zn胁迫的敏感性强于玉米,随着zn处理浓度加大,前者幼苗苗高、根长、单株干物质量、叶绿素含量和根系活力的下降幅度及丙二醛含量的上升幅度皆大于后者,玉米对Zn胁迫的耐受性强于甜高粱.在处理浓度达到500 μmol-L-1之前,甜高粱和玉米体内吸收的Zn随处理浓度加大显著递增,达500μmol-L-1之后,玉米根系积累的Zn不再明显增加.在处理浓度达到和高于100μmol·L-1时,甜高粱由根系向地上部转运的Zn显著高于玉米.甜高粱和玉米对Zn胁迫的敏感性差异可能缘于它们的吸收和转运差异.     

甘氨酸厂废液综合治理的工艺及实验研究

对氯乙酸氨解法生产甘氨酸所排放的工业废水首先运用多效真空蒸发兼热泵技术回收氯化铵,然后对蒸发过程中产生的二次蒸汽冷凝水采用一次吹脱-催化氧化-二次吹脱的工艺进行处理,可使废水中的各种污染物有效去除。通过实验确定了冷凝水处理过程中的吹脱及氧化的最佳工艺参数。     

九孔鲍肠道及其养殖水体中异养细菌抗药性研究

为了解鲍鱼养殖环境中异养细菌的抗药性,对自广东汕尾粤顺鲍鱼养殖场九孔鲍养殖环境及其肠道中的异养细菌进行了分离鉴定,并对所分离鉴定的菌株进行了四环素等16种抗生素的抗药性试验、结果表明,鲍鱼养殖水体的异养细菌主要由鞘氨醇单胞Sphingomonas paucimobilis、巴斯德氏菌属Pasteurella sp、莫拉氏菌属Moraxella sp、假单胞菌属Pseudomonas sp、弧菌属Vibrio minicus等9种组成;鲍鱼消化道异养细菌类群菌株则由鞘氨醇单胞菌属Sphingomonas sp、气单胞菌属Aeromonas sp、黄杆菌属Flavobdcterium sp等7种组成。抗药性试验揭示,大多数异养菌菌株对四环素、青霉素G、卡那霉素、丁胺卡那霉素和新生霉素均产生了抗药性,而对氟哌酸、红霉素、氯霉素以及环丙沙星等的抗药性则相对较弱。     

CX170-1井钻井废水及废钻井液处理技术

CX170-1井位于川西平原,周围良田环绕。文章就川西地区钻井作业现状提出了比较可行的钻井废水及废钻井液无害化处理工艺技术。针对钻井废水,详细介绍了轻度污染废水;严重污染废水和特殊作业废水的处理工艺及处理效果。对于废钻井液,该井主要采用了固化处理。结果表明:经固化处理的废钻井液干结后具有一定强度,失去了水敏性,不再具有返浆性。浸泡实验表明,有害物得到了比较彻底的固定,经检测,各种污染指标大都低于国家一级标准,自然条件下外排的废钻井液不再对环境造成污染。     

Improvements of nano-SiO2 on sludge/fly ash mortar

Sewage sludge ash has been widely applied to cementitious materials. In this study, in order to determine effects of nano-SiO(2) additives on properties of sludge/fly ash mortar, different amounts of nano-SiO(2) were added to sludge/fly ash mortar specimens to investigate their physical properties and micro-structures. A water-binding ratio of 0.7 was assigned to the mix. Substitution amounts of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of sludge/fly ash (1:1 ratio) were proposed. Moreover, 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% of nano-SiO(2) was added to the mix. Tests, including SEM and compressive strength, were carried out on mortar specimens cured at 3, 7, and 28 days. Results showed that sludge/fly ash can make the crystals of cement hydration product finer. Moreover, crystals increased after nano-SiO(2) was added. Hence, nano-SiO(2) can improve the effects of sludge/fly ash on the hydration of mortar. Further, due to the low pozzolanic reaction active index of sludge ash, early compressive strengths of sludge/fly ash mortar were decreased. Yet, nano-SiO(2) could help produce hydration crystals, which implies that the addition of nano-SiO(2) to mortar can improve the influence of sludge/fly ash on the development of the early strength of the mortar.