黑龙江省中部漫川漫岗区坡耕地的治理──垄作区田水土保持措施的应用

本文对黑龙江省中部漫川漫岗侵蚀区坡耕地利用现状和采取的水土保持耕作措施进行了总结分析，提出了在黑龙江省坡耕地治理中应用垄作区田技术标准和发展方向。     

不同含碳量天然气脱碳方案选择

分析国内外常用脱碳方法和各油气田不同含碳量天然气脱碳实例,比较各种脱碳方案的操作条件、适用范围以及优缺点,给出不同含碳量天然气的脱碳方案:当含碳量为2%～10%时可选用常规醇胺法、热碳酸钾法、物理-化学吸收法、变压吸附法;当含碳量为10%～30%时可选用活化MDEA法、热碳酸钾法、物理吸收法、物理-化学吸收法;当含碳量为30%～70%时可选用改良热碳酸钾法、物理吸收法、物理-化学吸收法、膜分离法+常规醇胺法、膜分离法+热碳酸钾法;当含碳量大于70%时可选用低温分离法、膜分离法+化学吸收法。     

Photodegradation of bisphenol A in simulated lake water containing algae, humic acid and ferric ions

The photodegradation of bisphenol A (BPA), a suspected endocrine disruptor (ED), in simulated lake water containing algae, humic acid and Fe3+ ions was investigated. Algae, humic acid and Fe3+ ions enhanced the photodegradation of BPA. Photodegradation efficiency of BPA was 36% after 4h irradiation in the presence of 6.5 x 10(9) cells L(-1) raw Chlorella vulgaris, 4 mg L(-1) humic acid and 20 micromol L(-1) Fe3+. The photodegradation efficiency of BPA was higher in the presence of algae treated with ultrasonic than that without ultrasonic. The photodegradation efficiency of BPA in the water only containing algae treated with ultrasonic was 37% after 4h irradiation. The algae treated with heating can also enhance the photodegradation of BPA. This work helps environmental scientists to understand the photochemical behavior of BPA in lake water.     

Quantitation of Hydroxyl Radicals from Photolysis of Fe(III)-Citrate Complexes in Aerobic Water (5 pp)

Background For their high photoreactivity, Fe(III)-carboxylate complexes are important sources of H2O2 for some atmospheric and surface waters. Citrate is one kind of carboxylate, which can form complexes with Fe(III). In our previous study, we have applied Fe(III)-citrate complexes to degrade and decolorize dyes in aqueous solutions both under UV light and sunlight. Results have shown that carboxylic acids can promote the photodegradation efficiency. It is indicated that the photolysis of Fe(III)-citrate complexes may cause the formation of some reactive species (e. g. H2O2 and ·OH). This work is attempted to quantify hydroxyl radicals generated in the aqueous solution containing Fe(III)-citrate complexes and to interpret the photoreactivity of Fe(III)-citrate complexes for degrading organic compounds. Methods By using benzene as the scavenger to produce phenol, the photogeneration of ·OH in the aqueous solution containing Fe (III)-citrate complexes was determined by HPLC. Results and Discussion In the aqueous solution containing 60.0/30.0 mM Fe(III)/citrate and 7.0 mM benzene at pH 3.0, 96.66 mM ·OH was produced after irradiation by a 250W metal halide light (l ≥ 313 nm) for 160 minutes. Effects of initial pH value and concentrations of Fe(III) and citrate on ·OH radical generation were all examined. The results show that the greatest photoproduction of ·OH in the aqueous solution (pH ranged from 3.0 to 7.0) was at pH 3.0. The photoproduction of ·OH increased with increasing Fe(III) or citrate concentrations. Conclusion In the aqueous solutions containing Fe(III)-citrate complexes, ·OH radicals were produced after irradiation by a 250W metal halide light. It can be concluded that Fe(III)-citrate complexes are important sources of ·OH radicals for some atmospheric and surface waters. Recommendations and Outlook It is believed that the photolysis of Fe(III)-citrate complexes in the presence of oxygen play an important role in producing ·OH both in atmospheric waters and surface water where high concentrations of ferric ions and citrate ions exist. The photoproduction of ·OH has a high oxidizing potential for the degradation of a wide variety of natural and anthropogenic organic and inorganic substances. We can use this method for toxic organic pollutants such as organic dyes and pesticides.     

我为故乡的大开发站岗

“手握一杆钢枪,身披万道霞光,我守卫在边防线上,为我们伟大祖国站岗……”我时常唱起这首激情昂扬的哨兵之歌。我是一名地震工作者,20多年如一日,常年值班在地震台站的机房,是保卫祖国建设和人民生命财产安全的防震减灾方队中的普通一兵。     

自贡地震监测设施屡遭破坏

地处四川东南部的自贡市是一个拥有近300万人口的中等工业城市,所处的地理位置又是一个中强震多发地区,无论历史上,还是今天,也无论是自贡的周边地区,还是城市的脚下,都遭受过一些中强地震的袭击。为了监测预防地震,搞好防震减灾工作,省市政府在经济并不宽裕的情况下,投人大量资金,建设了一些地震监测设施和自贡无线遥测地震台网。     

稻田土菌群驯化对稻秆两步发酵产甲烷效果的影响

为提高稻秆的降解率及其厌氧发酵甲烷产量,采用高氨氮畜禽废水作为氮源以驯化稻田土壤微生物,优化其降解稻秆的初始pH值,并评估水解产物液体发酵产甲烷性能.结果表明,混合组驯化的微生物产纤维素酶活性及对稻秆木质素的降解率高于其它组及先前文献报道,分别达到4.01 IU和51.96%,且后期水解液中总有机碳（Total organic carbon, TOC）及还原糖含量最高.随着初始pH值的提高,稻秆中纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的降解率显著增加,稻秆水解液中的挥发性脂肪酸（Volatile fatty acids, VFAs）和TOC含量均显著增加,并在第7 d达到最高值.将水解稻秆7 d的水解液进行厌氧发酵显示,在初始pH=9.0条件下累积甲烷产量达到最大,为37.60 mL·mL^-1水解液.本实验结果表明, 驯化的稻田土微生物在碱性条件下可以更有效地降解稻秆,提高水解液中TOC及VFAs含量,从而提高厌氧发酵的甲烷产量.     

Effects of cultivation strategies on the cultivation of Chlorella sp. HQ in photoreactors

Heterotrophic cultivation caused high level of ROS and high lipids accumulation. HMTC is the best culture strategy for improving the microalgal biomass. Chlorella sp. HQ had great nutrient removal capacity under five culture strategies. The effects of cultivation strategies (including autotrophic cultivation (AC), heterotrophic cultivation (HC), fed-batch cultivation (FC), heterotrophic+ autotrophic two-stage cultivation (HATC), and heterotrophic+ mixotrophic two-stage cultivation (HMTC)) on the growth and lipid accumulation of Chlorella sp. HQ and its total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal in secondary effluent were investigated in column photoreactors. The results showed that the TN and TP removal rates ranged between 93.72%–95.82% and 92.73%–100%, respectively, under the five different strategies. The microalgal growth potential evaluated by the maximal growth rate (R_max) was in the order of HMTC>HC>FC>AC>HATC. The values of biomass, total lipid yield, triacylglycerols (TAGs) yield, and total lipid content of the microalga cultivated in the last 5 d increased significantly, but the TAGs productivities of the five strategies were lower than those in the first 7 d. Compared with all the other cultivation strategies, the TAGs productivity and yield after 12 d of cultivation under the heterotrophic condition reached the highest values accompanying the highest level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), in which the TAGs yield reached 40.81 mg/L at the end of the cultivation period. The peaks in TAGs yield and ROS level suggested that HC was beneficial for lipids accumulation via regulating the cellular redox status and exerting ROS stress on microalgal cells. In summary, HMTC was the best cultivation strategy for improving the microalgal biomass and HC was the best strategy for microalgal TAGs accumulation to produce biodiesel.     

Recovery of Ni(II) from real electroplating wastewater using fixed-bed resin adsorption and subsequent electrodeposition

Resin adsorption and subsequent electrodeposition were used for nickel recovery. Treated wastewater can meet the Electroplating Pollutant Discharge Standard. The spent resin is completely regenerated by 3 BV of 4% HCl solution. 95.6% of nickel in concentrated eluent was recovered by electrodeposition. Effective recovery of high-value heavy metals from electroplating wastewater is of great significance, but recovering nickel ions from real electroplating wastewater as nickel sheet has not been reported. In this study, the pilot-scale fixed-bed resin adsorption was conducted to recover Ni(II) ions from real nickel plating wastewater, and then the concentrated Ni(II) ions in the regenerated solution were reduced to nickel sheet via electrodeposition. A commercial cation-exchange resin was selected and the optimal resin adsorption and regeneration conditions were investigated. The resin exhibited an adsorption capacity of 63 mg/g for Ni(II) ions, and the average amount of treated water was 84.6 bed volumes (BV) in the pilot-scale experiments. After the adsorption by two ion-exchange resin columns in series and one chelating resin column, the concentrations of Ni(II) in the treated wastewater were below 0.1 mg/L. After the regeneration of the spent resin using 3 BV of 4% (w/w) HCl solution, 1.5 BV of concentrated neutral nickel solution (>30 g/L) was obtained and used in the subsequent electrodeposition process. Using the aeration method, alkali and water required in resin activation process were greatly reduced to 2 BV and 3 BV, respectively. Under the optimal electrodeposition conditions, 95.6% of Ni(II) in desorption eluent could be recovered as the elemental nickel on the cathode. The total treatment cost for the resin adsorption and regeneration as well as the electrodeposition was calculated.     

Effects of intercropping with floricultural accumulator plants on cadmium accumulation in grapevine

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) intercropping with floricultural cadmium (Cd) accumulator plants (Helianthus annuus L., Cosmos sulphureus Cav., Cosmos...