Analysis of 3-year observations of CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113 from a semi-rural site in China

In-situ measurements of atmospheric chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) can be used to the assess their global and regional emissions and to check for compliance with phase-out schedules under Montreal protocol and its amendments. The atmospheric mixing ratios of CFC-11 (CCl₃F), CFC-12 (CCl₂F₂) and CFC-113 (CCl₂F–CClF₂) have been measured by an automated in-situ GC-ECDs system at the regional Chinese Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) station Shangdianzi (SDZ), from November 2006 to October 2009. The time series for these three principal CFCs showed large episodic events and background conditions occurred for approximately 30% (CFC-11), 52% (CFC-12) and 56% (CFC-113) of the measurements. The mean background mixing ratios for CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113 were 244.8 ppt (parts per trillion, 10^?12, molar) 539.6 ppt and 76.8 ppt, respectively, for 2006–2009. The enhanced CFC mixing ratios compared to AGAGE sites such as Trinidad Head (THD), US and Mace Head (MHD), Ireland suggest regional influences even during background conditions at SDZ, which is much closer to highly-populated areas. Between 2006 and 2009 background CFCs exhibited downward trends at rates of ?2.0 ppt yr^?1 for CFC-11, ?2.5 ppt yr^?1 for CFC-12 and ?0.7 ppt yr^?1 for CFC-113. De-trended 3-year average background seasonal cycles displayed small fluctuations with peak-to-trough amplitudes of 1.0 ± 0.02 ppt (0.4%) for background CFC-11, 1.3 ± 2.1 ppt (0.3%) for CFC-12 and 0.2 ± 0.4 ppt (0.3%) for CFC-113. On the other hand, during pollution periods these CFCs showed much larger seasonal cycles of 11.2 ± 10.7 ppt (5%) for CFC-11, 7.5 ± 6.5 ppt (2%) for CFC-12 and 1.0 ± 1.2 ppt (1.2%) for CFC-113, with apparent winter minima and early summer maxima. This enhancement was attributed to prevailing wind directions from urban regions in summer and to enhanced anthropogenic sources during the warm season. In general, horizontal winds from northeast showed negative contribution to atmospheric CFCs loading, whereas South Western advection (urban sector: Beijing) had positive contributions.     

垃圾炉一次风量对炉床燃烧影响的仿真研究

针对垃圾焚烧炉床层内垃圾燃烧过程复杂性及影响垃圾燃烧效率因素多的问题,运用数值仿真方法对某垃圾焚烧炉床层垃圾燃烧进行了模拟,获得了垃圾质量流失速率、水分蒸发速率、挥发分释放速率、焦炭燃烧速率和烟气的温度;并在50~1 000 Nm3/min范围内改变一次风流量,获得了床层质量流失比值、过剩空气系数和烟气中各组分的质量百分比含量。仿真结果显示,一次风流量取值517.47~6`32.09 Nm3/min时燃烧效率较高;炉排两端区域的一次风流量在50~75 Nm3/min时,可以使垃圾床表面平均温度明显提高,而且还可以提高燃烧效率,同时减少供风总量,节约能源与动力资源。本研究对优化设计垃圾焚烧炉,提高床层内垃圾的燃烧效率有一定参考价值。     

污泥含炭吸附剂对挥发性有机废气吸附实验研究

研究了污泥含炭吸附剂对挥发性有机污染物的吸附特性。结果表明,污泥含炭吸附剂对苯系物的吸附为典型的物理吸附,其吸附甲苯等温线的类型系优惠型吸附等温线,表明具有良好的吸附能力;在吸附反应温度为20℃,气体流量为500 mL/m in(停留时间为0.424 s),甲苯浓度为2 700 mg/m3时,甲苯的饱和吸附容量为150.0 mg/g;同时,研究表明污泥含炭吸附剂对苯系物的饱和吸附容量和吸附强弱次序为二甲苯甲苯苯。结果表明污泥含炭吸附剂适合对中低浓度有机废气的吸附净化。     

酸雨对建筑材料的影响及防治研究综述

综合分析了酸雨对建筑外墙的涂料、石材、混凝土等主要建筑构件的腐蚀原理,并提出了防治措施,来预防酸雨对建筑材料的侵害。     

光/电Fenton牺牲阳极法降解有机污染物

采用Fe片为阳极和石墨为阴极,在可见光(λ450 nm)照射并外加电压条件下,以有机染料橙Ⅱ(orangeⅡ)及有机无色小分子2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-dichlorophenol,DCP)为目标化合物,探讨了光/电Fenton牺牲阳极法降解有机污染物的最佳反应条件,结果表明,在电压=3 V,pH=3.0,H2O2浓度为5×10-5mol/L时,orangeⅡ的降解效果最好,反应10 h矿化率可达到78%,210 min内2,4-DCP降解率为91.4%。通过对光/电Fenton体系原位循环伏安参数测定及过氧化物酶催化反应吸光光度法和苯甲酸荧光分析法检测光/电Fenton降解orange II过程中H2O2和羟基自由基(.OH)的变化,表明orangeⅡ降解过程涉及.OH历程。     

Bio-immobilization of Cu and Zn in recirculated bioreactor landfill

Purpose  

To protect the environmental quality of soil, groundwater, and surface water near the landfill site, it is necessary to make an accurate assessment of the heavy metal mobility. This study aims to present the bio-immobilization behavior of heavy metals in landfill and provide some reference suggestion for the manipulation of heavy metal pollution control after closure.     

Cross-reactivity of anti-Salmonella egg-yolk antibodies to Salmonella serovars

The cross-reactivity of egg yolk antibodies specific to antigens of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium to killed bacterial cells of common Salmonella serovars were tested using an indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Egg yolk antibodies were produced against purified fimbriae, flagella and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of S. Enteritidis strain ATCC13076 and flagella, LPS and outer membrane proteins (OMP) of S. Typhimurium strain ATCC13311. For immunological specificity of egg yolk antibodies against killed bacterial cells, we found that the titers of the anti-S. Enteritidis egg yolk antibodies were higher than those of the anti-S. Typhimurium antibodies. In the evaluation of cross-reactivity of these egg yolk antibodies to various Salmonella serovars, we observed that the anti-S. Enteritidis antibodies exhibited more specific affinity than those of the anti-S. Typhimurium antibodies. All S. Enteritidis strains reacted specifically with the anti-S. Enteritidis fimbrial and flagellar egg yolk antibody whereas anti-S. Enteritidis LPS and anti-S. Typhimurium LPS, OMP and flagellar antibodies displayed non-specific reactivity to all Salmonella serovars used in this study. This finding suggests that it may be possible to design a anti-fimbrial egg yolk antibody of S. Enteritidis as a diagnostic tool and a cocktail of OMP and LPS antigens of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium could be used for administering broad spectrum passive immunity to protect against the colonization of pathogenic Salmonella strains in food animals.     

复合垂直流人工湿地除磷正交试验研究

为了确定复合垂直流人工湿地的流程、水力负荷、pH、COD对TP去除率的影响和提高除磷效果,选择了美人蕉和风车草构建的复合垂直流人工湿地试验系统,开展除磷的正交试验研究。采用SPSS13.0软件对正交试验结果进行方差分析,确定各因素显著性及优选条件。结果表明,复合垂直流人工湿地流程、水力负荷、pH、COD对除磷效果均有影响,其中流程对TP去除率影响显著,COD对TP去除率影响不显著。各因素对TP去除率的影响程度依次为:流程水力负荷pHCOD。除磷优选条件:COD为225mg/L,pH为8,流程为1100mm,水力负荷为181.25L/(m2.d)。     

微波协同活性炭处理偶氮染料废水的研究

以粉末活性炭为催化剂,采用微波协同活性炭工艺,对偶氮染料(酸性芷青GGR和酸性嫩黄G)废水进行处理。考察了活性炭用量、微波功率、辐射时间、偶氮染料初始浓度对2种偶氮染料去除率的影响。实验结果表明,酸性芷青GGR初始质量浓度为100mg/L、活性炭用量为12.5g/L、微波辐射时间为10min、微波功率为500W条件下,酸性芷青GGR的去除率可达90.28%;酸性嫩黄G初始质量浓度为100mg/L、活性炭用量为10.0g/L、微波辐射时间为8min、微波功率为500W条件下,酸性嫩黄G的去除率可达95.87%;微波协同活性炭处理2种偶氮染料的反应均呈现一级反应动力学特征。     

苏中通州二甲镇产业结构定位研究

合理的产业结构是小城镇整体经济协调发展的基础和小城镇建设健康发展的标志。在社会主义市场经济条件下,解决好小城镇产业结构与产业结构调整速度问题,对农村经济乃至整个国民经济的发展都具有重要意义。从实际调研出发,分析了中国产业状况,着重对江苏苏中通州二甲镇产业结构及其现状提出了建议与展望。