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821.
Methacrolein(MACR) is an abundant multifunctional carbonyl compound with high reactivity in the atmosphere. In this study, we investigated the hydroxyl radical initiated oxidation of MACR at various NO/MACR ratios(0 to 4.04) and relative humidities( 3% to80%) using a flow tube. Meanwhile, a box model based on the Master Chemical Mechanism was performed to test our current understanding of the mechanism. In contrast to the reasonable predictions for hydroxyacetone production, the modeled yields of formaldehyde(HCHO) were twice higher than the experimental results. The discrepancy was ascribed to the existence of unconsidered non-HCHO forming channels in the chemistry of CH_3-UC(=CH_2)OO, which account for approx. 50%. In addition, the production of hydroxyacetone and HCHO were affected by water vapor as well as the initial NO/MACR ratio. The yields of HCHO were higher under humid conditions than that under dry condition. The yields of hydroxyacetone were higher under humid conditions at low-NO_x level, while lower at high-NOxlevel. The reasonable explanation for the lower hydroxyacetone yield under humid conditions at high-NO_x level is that water vapor promotes the production of Umethacrolein nitrate in the reaction of HOCH_2 C(CH_3)(OO)CHO with NO due to the peroxy radical-water complex formation, which was evidenced by calculational results. And the minimum equilibrium constant of this water complex formation was estimated to be 1.89 × 10~(-18) cm~3/molecule. These results provide new insights into the MACR oxidation mechanism and the effects of water vapor. 相似文献
822.
Chitosan–metal complexes have been widely studied in wastewater treatment, but there are still various factors in complex preparation which are collectively responsible for improving the adsorption capacity need to be further studied. Thus, this study investigates the factors affecting the adsorption ability of chitosan–metal complex adsorbents, including various kinds of metal centers, different metal salts and crosslinking degree. The results show that the chitosan–Fe( Ⅲ) complex prepared by sulfate salts exhibited the best adsorption efficiency(100%) for various dyes in very short time duration(10 min), and its maximum adsorption capacity achieved 349.22 mg/g. The anion of the metal salt which was used in preparation played an important role to enhance the adsorption ability of chitosan–metal complex. SO_4~(2-) ions not only had the effect of crosslinking through electrostatic interaction with amine group of chitosan polymer, but also could facilitate the chelation of metal ions with chitosan polymer during the synthesis process.Additionally, the p H sensitivity and the sensitivity of ionic environment for chitosan–metal complex were analyzed. We hope that these factors affecting the adsorption of the chitosan–metal complex can help not only in optimizing its use but also in designing new chitosan–metal based complexes. 相似文献
823.
Reservoirs tend to have enhanced methylmercury(MeHg) concentrations compared to natural lakes and rivers, and water level fluctuations can promote MeHg production. Until now, little research has been conducted on the effects of microorganisms in soils for the formation of MeHg during different drying and flooding alternating conditions in the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR). This study aimed to understand how water level fluctuations affect soil microbial composition and mercury concentrations, and if such microbial variations are related to Hg methylation. The results showed that MeHg concentrations and the ratios of MeHg to THg(MeHg%) in soils were higher in the seasonally drying and flooding alternating areas(DFAs, 175–155 m) than those in the non-inundated(NIAs, 175 m) and inundated areas(IAs, 145 m). However, MeHg% in all samples was less than 1%, indicating that the Hg methylation activity in the soils of the TGR was under a low level. 454 highthroughput sequencing of 16 S rRNA gene amplicons showed that soil bacterial abundance and diversity were relatively higher in DFA compared to those in NIA and IA, and microbial community composition varied in these three areas. At the family level, those groups in Deltaproteobacteria and Methanomicrobia that might have many Hg methylators were also showed a higher relative abundance in DFA, which might be the reason for the higher MeHg production in these areas. Overall, our results suggested that seasonally water level fluctuations can enhance the microbial abundance and diversity, as well as MeHg production in the TGR. 相似文献
824.
Lihong Zhang Shucheng Huang Kun Li Mujeeb Ur Rehman Xiong Jiang Xiaole Tong Hui Zhang Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Khalid Mehmood Suozhu Liu Yaoqin Shen Jiakui Li 《Food and environmental virology》2018,10(4):373-377
Hepatitis E is an important public health concern throughout the world. Many molecular and serological surveys have reported the prevalence and genotypic characteristics of HEV in humans and animals worldwide. However, the genotypic characterization of this virus is very limited in Tibetan pigs. Hence, we aimed to explore the genotype of HEV, prevailing among Tibetan pigs in China. For this purpose, 253 bile samples of Tibetan pigs (free-range animals) were collected from different slaughterhouses during 2017–2018 and subsequently tested for HEV RNA by RT-nPCR. A total of 11 out of 253 (4.35%) samples tested were positive for HEV RNA. Based on the sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, all the isolated HEV strains belonged to genotype 4 and clustered into subtype 4b by sharing more than 84.8–95.2% identities with other reported strains. Our results concluded that HEV genotype 4 is prevailing among Tibetan pigs in Tibet, China. 相似文献
825.
自然灾害与区域经济可持续发展 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
运用系统工程理论,研究了自然灾害对区域经济持续发展的影响-对区域经济增长、产业结构、资源与环境及区域间经济联系与合作的影响,并对防灾救灾工作提出了建议. 相似文献
826.
1996年11月9日21时56分南黄海(北纬31°50′,东经123°06′)发生了MS61地震。本文分析了距震中290km的江苏省大丰市地震台电磁辐射观测仪在地震前后的观测资料异常记录情况,提出了一些认识,并进行了讨论。 相似文献
827.
高效液相色谱法分析水中痕量多环芳烃 总被引:14,自引:3,他引:14
本文利用高效液相色谱法测定水中痕量多环芳烃(PAHs)。以二氯甲烷作溶剂,超声提取水中痕量PAHs;甲醇、水作流动相,梯度淋洗,用程序可变波长荧光检测器测定。PHAs浓度为0.007=0.6μg·ml^-1范围时,线性相关系数均在0.9999以上;峰高、峰面积的相对标准偏差(n=10)分别为1.01-1.85%,2.00-3.94%;检测限(S/N=2)为3.1-23.0pg;实际水样的加标回收率 相似文献
828.
利用人工神经网络研究含硫芳香族化合物结构与毒性的关系 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文采用简单的化学基团描述符,运用人工神经网络研究了含硫芳香族化合物对发光菌的性构效关系,并与多元线性回归相比较,结果显示了人工神经网络处理非线性问题的优越性。 相似文献
829.
Acclimation of anaerobic sludge degrading chlorophenols and the biodegradation kinetics during acclimation period 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
The acclimation of sludge from Hangzhou citrate factory and Hangzhou municipal wastewater treatment plant for degradation dechlorination of chlorophenols (CPs) compounds, and its biodegradation kinetics were studied in batch process with or without addition of sucrose. Three monochlorophenols (2-CP; 3-CP; 4-CP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) were concurrently fed to different bioreactors. The parameters that were monitored included biogas production, biogas composition and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results showed that acclimation with chlorophenol can increase the degradation activity of anaerobic sludge and degradation rate of chlorophenolic compounds, and reduce the lag time. Degradation dechlorination activity of the acclimated sludge strongly depended on sludge source, microorganism population and chlorophenol congener. 2-CP was more easily acclimated than 3-CP and 4-CP. Among the four tested compounds, 4-CP was the most difficult to be acclimated. The observed degradation rate with presence of sucrose was higher than that with absence of sucrose, suggesting that addition of the external carbon source can stimulate the formation of acclimated sludge which could effectively degrade chlorophenols. Kinetic equations of biodegradation of chlorophenols were also presented in this paper. 相似文献
830.