甲硫醇高效降解菌的筛选

利用平板分离技术 ,以甲硫醇为降解基质从农药废水生化池活性污泥中分离出 1种异养菌和 1种真菌。根据菌种的耐碱度实验和降解力实验 ,表明真菌的降解能力相当强 ,而按 1∶3比例配成的混合菌种降解效果最好。经分析 ,活性污泥菌胶团强大的吸附能力、真菌高效的分解能力以及混合菌群中各菌种的互生、共生关系起到了很好的协同作用 ,使降解效果大大提高。从菌落形态和显微镜观察到的菌体结构与形态情况看 ,初步确定该真菌属于子囊菌。     

净化SO2的生物膜填料塔中微生物类群分析

对净化废气中SO2的生物膜填料塔内的微生物进行了分离纯化并做鉴定,得到一株嗜酸性氧化硫硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus thiooxdans IEL001)和一株分类地位非常接近链二孢属(Bispora sp.)的极端嗜酸真IEL002,生物膜填料塔内的极端酸性环境和有机营养的缺乏导致生物膜上的微生物种类较为...     

亚磷酸钙工业废渣制取亚磷酸

研究了以亚磷酸钙工业废渣为原料制取亚磷酸的工艺条件.实验确定最佳工艺条件为:在1 500 mL去离子水中加入亚磷酸钙工业废渣500.0 g和碳酸钠350.0 g,80℃反应8h,得亚磷酸钠溶液;向亚磷酸钠溶液中加入163.3 g硫酸得到亚磷酸粗产品;加入300 mL无水乙酸萃取亚磷酸粗产品后,在蒸馏温度100℃、蒸馏真...     

Seasonal Variation of the Particle Size Distribution of n-Alkanes and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Urban Aerosol of Guangzhou, China

Seasonal aerosol samples have been collected by Andersen Hi-Vol pumping system equipped with a five stage cascade impactor and a backup filter (size range: 10–7.2 μ m, 7.2–3.0 μ m, 3.0–1.5 μ m, 1.5–0.95 μ m, 0.95–0.49 μ m, ≤0.49 μ m) in the Liwan district, Guangzhou. n-Alkanes were measured using gas chromatography and PAHs were measured using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. The bimodal log-normal distributions of n-alkanes and semi-volatile PAHs were found, while for non-volatile PAHs that was unimodal, so much as the mode of semi-volatile PAHs was similar with that of the particles. The n-alkanes and PAHs were preferably associated with fine particles. C _max (carbon number maximum) (C₂₂–C₂₆), CPI (carbon preference index) (1.12–1.21), U/R (unresolved to resolved components ratio) (7.42–10.7), wax% (0.9–3.12%) and the diagnostic ratios for PAHs revealed that vehicular emission was the major source of these organic compounds during the study periods, while the contribution of epicuticular waxes emitted by terrestrial plants was minor. CPI₂ (values for petrogenic hydrocarbons), CPI₃ (values for biogenic n-alkanes) and wax% revealed that the natural preferentially accumulated in the larger aerosol while the anthropogenic in the smaller. In addition, the different MMDs (mass median diameters) for n-alkanes and PAHs were observed in different seasons. The MMDs for n-alkanes and PAHs were higher in autumn/winter than those in spring/summer. The seasonal effect was related to the hydrocarbon content in the individual particulate fractions, showing a preferential association of n-alkanes and PAHs with larger particles in the autumn/winter season.     

The use of spatial autocorrelation analysis to identify PAHs pollution hotspots at an industrially contaminated site

The identification of contamination “hotspots” are an important indicator of the degree of contamination in localized areas, which can contribute towards the re-sampling and remedial strategies used in the seriously contaminated areas. Accordingly, 114 surface samples, collected from an industrially contaminated site in northern China, were assessed for 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and were analyzed using multivariate statistical and spatial autocorrelation techniques. The results showed that the PCA leads to a reduction in the initial dimension of the dataset to two components, dominated by Chr, Bbf&Bkf, Inp, Daa, Bgp, and Nap were good representations of the 16 original PAHs; Global Moran’s I statistics indicated that the significant autocorrelations were detected and the autocorrelation distances of six indicator PAHs were 750, 850, 1,200, 850, 750, and 1,200 m, respectively; there were visible high–high values (hotspots) clustered in the mid-bottom part of the site through the Local Moran’s I index analysis. Hotspot identification and spatial distribution results can play a key role in contaminated site investigation and management.     

Influence of electrical fields (AC and DC) on phytoremediation of metal polluted soils with rapeseed (Brassica napus) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)

The combined use of electrokinetic remediation and phytoremediation to decontaminate soil polluted with heavy metals has been demonstrated in a laboratory-scale experiment. The plants species selected were rapeseed and tobacco. Three kinds of soil were used: un-contaminated soil from forest area (S1), artificially contaminated soil with 15 mg kg⁻¹ Cd (S2) and multi-contaminated soil with Cd, Zn and Pb from an industrial area (S3). Three treatment conditions were applied to the plants growing in the experimental vessels: control (no electrical field), alternating current electrical field (AC, 1 V cm⁻¹) and direct current electrical field (DC, 1 V cm⁻¹) with switching polarity every 3 h. The electrical fields were applied for 30 d for rapeseed and 90 d for tobacco, each experiment had three replicates. After a total of 90 d growth for rapeseed and of 180 d for tobacco, the plants were harvested. The pH variation from anode to cathode was eliminated by switching the polarity of the DC field. The plants reacted differently under the applied electrical field. Rapeseed biomass was enhanced under the AC field and no negative effect was found under DC field. However, no enhancement of the tobacco biomass under the AC treatment was found. The DC field had a negative influence on biomass production on tobacco plants. In general, Cd content was higher in both species growing in S2 treated with AC field compared to the control. Metal uptake (Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb) per rapeseed plant shoot was enhanced by the application of AC field in all soils.     

铁炭微电解预处理高浓度高盐制药废水

采用铁炭微电解法预处理高浓度高盐制药废水,并对反应条件、处理效果、反应动力学和机理进行研究。通过单因素实验初步研究进水pH、铁用量、反应时间和铁炭比对处理效果的影响;通过正交实验表明进水pH对处理效果影响最大,并得到最佳反应条件为:进水pH为4.5,铁投加量40 g/L,铁炭质量比1∶1,反应时间4 h,COD去除率可达40%以上,并可以提高废水的可生化性,后续通过厌氧生物处理出水可达二级污水综合排放标准。通过对各级反应动力学方程进行回归分析,表明微电解处理制药废水基本遵循一级反应动力学。铁炭微电解处理制药废水效果好,并可以提高可生化性,同时具有操作简单和成本低的优点,为制药废水的预处理提供新的途径。     

微生物对煤矿固体废弃物的脱硫效应

煤矸石是煤矿特有的一种固体废弃物,应用本实验室筛选出的氧化亚铁硫杆菌Thiobacillus ferrooxidans和嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌Thiobacillus thiooxidans对宁夏大武口高硫煤矸石进行微生物脱硫技术及应用条件的研究,如不同煤矸石粒径、不同接种浓度和不同煤矸石浓度。2种脱硫细菌对煤矸石的脱硫效果显著,小粒径煤矸石的微生物脱硫效果更好。考虑脱硫成本及脱硫效率,Thiobacillus ferrooxidans菌最佳的接种浓度为25%,在Thiobacillus Thiobacillus thiooxidans菌悬液中,能脱出最大量硫酸根的煤矸石最佳比例是10%。2种菌混合较单菌株脱硫效果更好,以Thiobacillus ferrooxidans∶Thiobacillus thiooxidans=2∶3的比例混合后对煤矸石的脱硫效果最佳,该结果为煤矿废弃物煤矸石的污染防治提供技术依据。     

Compatibility of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin with algal toxicity bioassays

Numerous reports have indicated that hydrophobic organic compound bioaccessibility in sediment and soil can be determined by extraction using aqueous hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) solutions. This study establishes the compatibility of HPCD with Selenastrum capricornutum and assesses whether its presence influences the toxicity of reference toxicants. Algal growth inhibition (72 h) showed no significant (P > 0.05) difference at HPCD concentrations up to and including 20 mM. HPCD presence did not influence the toxicity of the inorganic reference toxicant (ZnSO₄), with IC50 values of 0.82 μM and 0.85 μM, in the presence and absence of HPCD (20 mM), respectively. However, HPCD presence (20 mM) reduced the toxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenol and the herbicides diuron and isoproturon. These reductions were attributed to inclusion complex formation between the toxicants and the HPCD cavity. Liberation of complexed toxicants, by sample manipulation prior to toxicity assessment, is proposed to provide a sensitive, high throughput, bioassay that reflects compound bioaccessibility.     

高校学生干部应具备的能力及培养途径与方法

高校学生干部在党团组织、老师和广大同学中起着桥梁纽带与助手作用,他们所具备的意识和能力,直接关系到学校及各项学生活动的开展.本篇文章首先列举了学生干部应具备的六个基本意识和基本能力,进而结合实践经验从选拔、培训、实践、总结四个方面提出学生干部的培养途径和方法.