Compatibility of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin with algal toxicity bioassays

Numerous reports have indicated that hydrophobic organic compound bioaccessibility in sediment and soil can be determined by extraction using aqueous hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) solutions. This study establishes the compatibility of HPCD with Selenastrum capricornutum and assesses whether its presence influences the toxicity of reference toxicants. Algal growth inhibition (72 h) showed no significant (P > 0.05) difference at HPCD concentrations up to and including 20 mM. HPCD presence did not influence the toxicity of the inorganic reference toxicant (ZnSO₄), with IC50 values of 0.82 μM and 0.85 μM, in the presence and absence of HPCD (20 mM), respectively. However, HPCD presence (20 mM) reduced the toxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenol and the herbicides diuron and isoproturon. These reductions were attributed to inclusion complex formation between the toxicants and the HPCD cavity. Liberation of complexed toxicants, by sample manipulation prior to toxicity assessment, is proposed to provide a sensitive, high throughput, bioassay that reflects compound bioaccessibility.     

不同释钾菌对粉煤灰的生态效应

粉煤灰治理难度大,但它含有植物生长必需的营养元素钾,将其就地资源化生物利用是一条较好的途径。释钾菌是一种能把矿物中的难溶性钾转化为有效钾的细菌,从土壤中筛选出2种释钾菌,经过在粉煤灰基质中的驯化培养,通过盆栽试验种植紫花苜蓿,比较不同菌株对粉煤灰的改良作用及其对植物生长的影响。结果表明,筛选出的菌株C6对粉煤灰中速效钾的释放效果明显,降低了基质pH,显著地促进了植物的生长,对粉煤灰生态修复具有重要意义。     

Chinese construction industry energy efficiency analysis with undesirable carbon emissions and construction waste outputs

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As the construction industry generates more than 30% of global greenhouse gases and more than 40% of global urban waste every year, energy...     

台州湾五种海洋生物体内多环芳烃的浓度、富集特征及环境效应

对台州湾近海5种不同生活习性的生物体内15种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了分析,研究不同生物体对PAHs的富集规律,探讨生物体PAHs的积累量与栖息环境的关系.结果表明,蓝圆鲹(Decapterusmaruadsi)、红点圆趾蟹(Ovalipes punctatus)、海鳗(Muraenesox cinereus)、日本沙蚕(Nereis japomixaj)和棱鲻(Liza carimatus)体内15种PAHs的总质量浓度(∑PAHs)平均值分别为74.02、127.30、128.50、150.32、224.30 ng/g,棱鲻∑PAHs是蓝圆鲹∑PAHs的3倍,5种生物体内2环PAHs占∑PAHs的17.19%～28.89%,3环占31.74%～39.17%,4环占33.47%～44.52%,5环占1.99%～4.05%,6环占0.78%～2.50%,其中3环和4环所占的比例较高,6环最低.蓝圆鲹、棱鲻、海鳗、日本沙蚕、红点圆趾蟹对PAHs的富集系数分别为20.49、54.93、0.68、0.79、0.67,对PAHs富集系数最大的是棱鲻,最小的是红点圆趾蟹.底栖生物对高毒性的PAHs具有极强的富集能力,台州湾近海生物体内PAHs的积累量不仅与生物体自身的生活习性有关,还与其栖息环境密切相关.     

中国地表饮用水水源地有机类内分泌干扰物污染现况分析

有机类内分泌干扰物(EDCs)是一类对人类和生物内分泌系统产生干扰,并可造成其紊乱的特殊外来物质,对人类和生物健康有极大的危害.以与人类生活密切相关的地表饮用水水源地中的有机类EDCs为研究重点,对中国目前地表饮用水水源地EDCs污染状况、污染物种类及其来源及可能的污染途径进行了评述.目前,中国各地区地表饮用水水源地均有有机类EDCs检出.其中以有机氯农药六六六及其异构体、DDT及其代谢产物和多氯联苯检出率最高,且某些地区检测浓度相当高,主要来源是农药使用和污水排放.国内外对地表饮用水水源地EDCs突发污染事件的研究均较少,应引起高度重视.     

超声波辅助萃取测定土壤中的多溴联苯醚

对土壤中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的测定方法进行了研究.土壤样品经超声波辅助萃取后用硅胶氧化铝复合柱净化,再用带电子捕获检测器的气相色谱仪(GC-ECD)进行测定.该方法测定PBDEs各单体的相关系数(R2)为0.999 54～0.999 97,方法线性关系良好.基质加标空白回收率在74.9%～118.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.9%～8.9%,方法检测限为5.9～9.2 ng/kg.     

工业LNG储罐泄漏扩散数值模拟

针对工业LNG储罐泄漏问题,基于Fluent软件结合UDF修正风速模型,研究不同工况下泄漏发展情况,并对泄露口下风向沿直线距离上的泄漏气体浓度进行分析,得出准确气体扩散浓度范围.研究结果表明,泄漏孔口越接近地面,横向扩散距离越大.相同风速下,泄漏路径上气体浓度具有相似的变化趋势,风速越高泄漏气体沿扩散路径的稀释作用越强...     

上海大气氮湿沉降的污染特征

为探讨上海大气氮湿沉降的污染特征,采集了2007年11月至2008年10月上海雨水样品,分析了大气氮湿沉降浓度,探讨了上海大气湿沉降氮通量及上海市区,市郊和远郊大气氮湿沉降的时空污染特征.结果表明:(1)上海市区、市郊和远郊大气氮湿沉降质量浓度平均值分别为2.96、2.31、2.21 mg/L.从上海大气湿沉降总体来看,大气氮湿沉降劣V类、V类的超标率分别达到51.09%和13.87%.推断大气氮湿沉降的主要来源是机动车辆所排放的大量氮氧化物.(2)除冬季外,其余季节上海市区大气氮湿沉降浓度均大于市郊和远郊;市区和远郊大气氮湿沉降浓度均在秋季最大,市郊大气氮湿沉降浓度在春季最大.(3)上海大气年氮湿沉降通量为78.42 kg/hm~2,同其他区域相比较,属于世界上高氮沉降区域.(4)上海大气月氮沉降通量与月平均降雨量呈显著的线性正相关(p<0.05),说明上海大气氮湿沉降通量主要受降雨量的影响.     

Allocation and source attribution of lead and cadmium in maize (Zea mays L.) impacted by smelting emissions

Plants grown in contaminated areas may accumulate trace metals to a toxic level via their roots and/or leaves. In the present study, we investigated the distribution and sources of Pb and Cd in maize plants (Zea mays L.) grown in a typical zinc smelting impacted area of southwestern China. Results showed that the smelting activities caused significantly elevated concentrations of Pb and Cd in the surrounding soils and maize plants. Pb isotope data revealed that the foliar uptake of atmospheric Pb was the dominant pathway for Pb to the leaf and grain tissues of maize, while Pb in the stalk and root tissues was mainly derived from root uptake. The ratio of Pb to Cd concentrations in the plants indicated that Cd had a different behavior from Pb, with most Cd in the maize plants coming from the soil via root uptake.     

氧化电解法处理工业含硫恶臭气体的研究

利用铁盐溶液,通过气体超微细分散式吸收反应器和电化学再生系统结合的反应器,对中高浓度含硫恶臭气体进行吸收及电化学再生过程进行了初步研究.结果表明:当反应液位高度为55 cm、温度为20 ℃和H+浓度小于1.5 mol/L时,进气浓度小于1 000 mg/m3时,含硫恶臭气体处理效率可到达96%以上.当液位高度为55 c...