Determination of water environment standards based on water quality criteria in China: Limitations and feasibilities

There is a need to formulate water environment standards (WESs) from the current water quality criteria (WQC) in China. To this end, we briefly summarize typical mechanisms applied in several countries with longer histories of developing WESs, and three limitations to formulating WESs in China were identified. After analyzing the feasibility factors including economic development, scientific support capability and environmental policies, we realized that China is still not ready for a complete change from its current nation-wide unified WES system to a local-standard-based system. Thus, we proposed a framework for transformation from WQC to WESs in China. The framework consists of three parts, including responsibilities, processes and policies. The responsibilities include research authorization, development of guidelines, and collection of information, at both national and local levels; the processes include four steps and an impact factor system to establish water quality standards; and the policies include seven specific proposals.     

Effects of halobenzoquinone and haloacetic acid water disinfection byproducts on human neural stem cells

Human neural stem cells(h NSCs) are a useful tool to assess the developmental effects of various environmental contaminants; however, the application of h NSCs to evaluate water disinfection byproducts(DBPs) is scarce. Comprehensive toxicological results are essential to the prioritization of DBPs for further testing and regulation. Therefore, this study examines the effects of DBPs on the proliferation and differentiation of h NSCs. Prior to DBP treatment, characteristic protein markers of h NSCs from passages 3 to 6 were carefully examined and it was determined that h NSCs passaged 3 or 4 times maintained stem cell characteristics and can be used for DBP analysis. Two regulated DBPs, monobromoacetic acid(BAA) and monochloroacetic acid(CAA), and two emerging DBPs, 2,6-dibromo-1,4-benzoquinone(2,6-DBBQ) and 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone(2,6-DCBQ), were chosen for h NSC treatment. Both 2,6-DBBQ and 2,6-DCBQ induced cell cycle arrest at S-phase at concentrations up to 1 μmol/L. Comparatively, BAA and CAA at 0.5 μmol/L affected neural differentiation. These results suggest DBP-dependent effects on h NSC proliferation and differentiation. The DBP-induced cell cycle arrest and inhibition of normal h NSC differentiation demonstrate the need to assess the developmental neurotoxicity of DBPs.     

新型雷电预警系统在石化行业的应用

在石化重点防护区布设雷电预警设备,相临预警点自动组网,实现小区域雷电临近预警,同时可预判雷电运动趋势。根据预警等级执行相应的应急预案,做到及时管控雷电可能造成重大危害的关键作业,并通过雷电运动趋势提前告知雷电运动下游企业采取必要应急措施,从而防止发生雷击引起的燃爆和人身伤亡事故,促进安全生产。     

Dasibi1000空气自动监测系统的常见故障及排除

本文主要列举了美国Dasibi1000环境空气自动监测系统中的主要监测仪器氮氧化物、二氧化硫、可吸入颗粒物等分析仪在日常运行中容易出现的一些的常见故障。由于此套仪器设备具有自检功能。可通过仪器面板提示的故障信息找到故障所在。并对其形成原因进行了系统分析和总结。同时提出了一些排除故障的方法和步骤以及避免出现这些故障所需的日常维护。     

试论复垦的概念及其与生态重建的关系

基于国内外大量的文献资料,在剖析国外对“土地复垦”的定义、目标的理解和介绍有关国外复垦法规、复垦研究内容和历史的基础上,从复垦和生态重建的基本概念入手,深入探讨了二者内涵与关系,认为：“复垦”的研究十分重视生态原则,也一直将生态重建作为其研究的焦点。因此,“复垦”一词的实质是既恢复土地资源,又重建生态平衡,即“复垦”包括土地复垦和生态重建两方面。     

海南岛农业土地资源可持续利用

本文分析了海南岛农业土地资源利用的优势与制约因素 ,论述了农业土地资源的特点 ,指出了农业土地资源可持续利用的对策。     

苏州河市郊段底泥中CODCr和NH3-N的空间分布特征

对苏州河截流区外河段（城郊段）东大盈河口－北新泾，按河道形态，支流与城镇分布等因素，沿程采集２４个底泥柱样，测定其不同部位不同深度底泥中ＣＯＤｃｒ和ＮＨ３－Ｎ含量，分析ＣＯＤｃｒ和ＮＨ３－Ｎ在沿程和垂向上的分布特征及其成因，结果表明，底泥中污染沿程分布呈不规则波状起伏，东大盈河、蕴藻浜、盐铁塘、封浜、华漕港、新槎浦等支流口浮泥层中ＮＨ３－Ｎ含量达２５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，超过背景值３部。在垂向分布上，底泥     

稀土产业可持续发展环境经济对策

本文针对内蒙稀土产业，近年发展迅速，但环境污染严重，小冶炼四处泛滥，群众由环境问题不断上访；稀土产业初级产品产量过大，效益明显降低的状况，根据环境经济学理论，提出合理的管理与经济政策。     

高技术再资源化是根治“白色污染”的主要方向

针对“白色污染”日益严重的现状，对现有的“白色污染”防治对策和技术进行了分析探讨，指出简单的技术已不适用，可降解的发展尚需时日，而废塑料再资源化技术才是根治“白色污染”的主要方向。     

液化气脱硫装置的腐蚀泄漏与防护

主要介绍了液化气脱硫醇装置在运行过程中出现腐蚀泄漏的原因和特点,以及针对不同情况进行的相应整改措施.