HW型高分子捕集剂处理含铅铜废水

采用聚丙烯酰胺、NH：OH·HCI和NaOH反应合成了HW型高分子捕集剂（简称捕集剂）,考察了捕集剂对Ph^2＋,Cu^2＋质量浓度分别为100mg／L的废水的处理效果。研究结果表明：在含Ph^2＋废水pH为6．5～7．0、n（捕集剂）：n（Pb^2＋）：1．6、反应时间为50min的最佳条件下,Ph^2＋去除率达100．00％;在含Cu^2＋废水pH为5．5～6．0、n（捕集剂）：n（Cu^2＋）=1．0、反应时间为60min的最佳条件下,Cu^2＋去除率达99．73％。对Ph^2＋,Cu^2＋质量浓度分别为50mg／L的混合废水,n（捕集剂）：n（Pb^2＋＋Cu^2＋）=1．2时,对Ph^2＋,Cu^2＋的去除率均达到99％以上。捕集剂去除pb^2＋,Cu^2＋的机理为羟肟酸基团与Ph^2＋,Cu^2＋反应生成稳定的螯合物。与中和法沉淀物相比,捕集剂与Ph^2＋,Cu^2＋反应生成的螯合物的Ph^2＋,Cu^2＋浸出量小,具有更好的环境安全性。     

撞击流气液反应器氨吸收法去除烟气中的SO2

以氨水为吸收剂,在撞击流气液反应器中进行了燃煤烟气脱硫实验。考察了吸收液体积（L）与SO2体积（m^3）之比（液气比）、烟气中SO2浓度、烟气流速和氨与硫摩尔比对脱硫率的影响。在液气比为0．52L／m^3、氨与硫摩尔比为1．3、烟气流速为6．3m／s、烟气中SO2质量浓度为2800mg／m^3时,脱硫率达96．08％;建立了液气比、烟气中SO2质量浓度、烟气流速和氨与硫摩尔比与脱硫率的数学关系式。     

蜂窝煤燃烧烟气中多环芳烃的定量研究及粒径分布特征

通过对蜂窝煤燃烧排放的烟气中多环芳烃的定量分析,研究了17种多环芳烃在烟气颗粒相和气相中的分配以及在不同粒径颗粒物上的分布特征。结果表明：在室温下燃煤排放的多环芳烃总量以在气相中存在为主,但总体毒性则主要存在于颗粒相中;多环芳烃主要分布在亚微米级颗粒上,分子量越大的多环芳烃越趋于富集在细颗粒上,因而对健康的危害就越大。     

上海粮食中元素的含量及土壤的安全值

经对上海农村和粮食的多年调查研究，阐述小麦和水稻的质量状况，并作了评价。小麦和水稻籽粒中Ｃｄ，Ｐｈ，Ｎｉ，Ｃｒ，Ｈｇ的含量差不多，但Ｚｎ，Ｃｕ含量小麦〉水稻，Ｍｎ，Ａｓ含量为小麦〈水稻。局部地区小麦和水稻中镉的污染较重。在粮食含镉较高的地区，锌肥不宜喷用。公路附近粮食中含铅量较高，与汽车排放废气有关。     

The changes of densities and patterns of roads and rural buildings: a case study on Dongzhi Yuan of the Loess Plateau, China

Roads and buildings are considered as primary causes of rural landscape changes. In this study, linear regression models were used to analyze the dynamic influences of environmental factors and variables on roads and rural buildings from 1979 to 2005 in Dongzhi Yuan (tableland) of the Loess Plateau, China. The relationship between roads and rural buildings and their effects on Dongzhi Yuan are discussed also. The results showed that three environmental factors (topography, land cover, and development level) explained roads better than rural buildings referring densities and patterns. The environmental variables significantly related to roads have decreased, whereas those related to rural buildings have increased over time. Among these significant variables, percent of farmland mostly determined the densities and patterns of both roads and rural buildings. There was significant correlation between roads and rural buildings in terms of density and pattern. In addition, roads and rural buildings have increased greatly in gully areas of this region. Therefore, more attention should be paid to planning of roads and rural buildings in Dongzhi Yuan.     

汾河上中游流域大型底栖动物群落特征及其多样性评价

为探究汾河上中游流域大型底栖动物群落特征,研究了汾河上中游流域17个采样点位的大型底栖动物物种组成、空间分布、与水质环境因子的关系及其多样性.研究结果表明,汾河上中游流域共鉴定出大型底栖动物4门6纲25科,共37(属)种,且不同采样点位大型底栖动物的种类、生物密度和生物量具有明显的空间异质性;水质环境因子对汾河上中游流域大型底栖动物的影响大小排序为DOTPCONNH_3-NTNpHBOD_5,不同种类大型底栖动物的主要水质影响因子不同;汾河上中游流域17个采样点中,大型底栖动物多样性最好为"一般"等级,占总采样点位的29%,"较差"等级采样点位占41%,"差"等级采样点位占30%,汾河上中游流域大型底栖动物的多样性综合评价为"较差"等级.     

四川农业资源可持续利用研究

四川是全国农业大省之一。伴随着经济社会的快速发展,农业、农村环境污染和生态破坏现象日益突出,经济社会快速发展和生态环境承载力脆弱、资源短缺的矛盾依然十分尖锐。实现农业资源的可持续利用,是发展农业生产的重大问题。分析评价了四川农业资源开发利用现状及其发展变化趋势,提出了实现农业资源可持续利用的对策措施:节约集约用地,严格控制建设占用耕地,努力提高耕地综合生产能力;提高水资源利用率,防治水资源污染;加强土地整理复垦工作,努力补充有效耕地面积;搞好水土保持和治沙防沙工作;加快实施农业循环经济建设。     

硝化菌的分离及特性分析

从联合脱硫脱氮填料塔中的陶粒上分离出两株硝化菌,命名为NS2和NS5,这2种菌均为革兰氏阴性菌。硝化能力测试结果表明:NS2和NS5能利用亚硝酸盐作为氮源,将亚硝酸盐转化成硝酸盐,硝化速率都达到60%以上。部分长度的16S rDNA序列同源性分析表明,NS2和NS5与Delftia sp.的同源性高达99%,并用MEGA程序对该菌株进行了系统发育进化分析。结合形态观察和生理生化鉴定,初步鉴定NS2,NS5为戴尔福特菌(Delftia sp.)。     

Seasonal and spatial changes of free and bound organic acids in total suspended particles in Guangzhou,China

The concentrations and compositions of free and bound organic acids in total suspended particles from typical urban, suburban and forest park sites of Guangzhou were determined in this study. The free form of organic acids (solvent extractable) in aerosols in Guangzhou varied with site and season. The suburban samples contained the highest contents of alkanoic, alkenoic and dicarboxylic acids. These findings were consistent with a higher supply of hydrocarbons and NOx in the suburban area. However, concentrations of aromatic acids were similar in the urban, suburban and forest park sites. Generally, winter season samples of the acids from anthropogenic sources contained more organic acids than summer season samples due to stronger removal by wet deposition in the summer. For the acids from botanic sources, the summer season samples were higher. In addition to the free acids, bound acids (solvent non-extractable) mainly formed by esterification of free acids were also found in the samples. In general, bound acids were higher than free acids. Esterification is mainly controlled by the pKa of organic acids and the atmospheric pH value. This explains why aromatic and dicarboxylic acids occur mainly as bound forms and why the samples from urban sites contained high levels of bound acids as the pH of rain water can reach 4.53.Concentrations of alkanoic and alkenoic acids in the aerosols of Guangzhou were much higher than those in the other areas studied.     

氯氰菊酯降解真菌的筛选及其降解特性研究

用富集培养的方法从农药厂污水排放口的污泥中分离筛选到3株以氯氰菊酯为唯一碳源进行生长的真菌,分别命名为TS-203、TS-205和TS-306。经鉴定3株真菌分别属于土生曲霉组(Aspergillus terreus)、毛链孢属(M onilochaetes)和镰孢霉属(Fusarium)。分别测定了不同碳源、pH、培养温度及氯氰菊酯浓度对真菌生长量和降解能力的影响。结果表明,以氯氰菊酯为唯一碳源且浓度为50~150 mg/L,pH 6.0~8.0,培养温度30~40℃时,真菌的生长量较大,降解效果较好。本研究对氯氰菊酯农药残留的生物修复研究和应用具有十分重要的意义,可为今后治理氯氰菊酯残留污染提供参考。