Adsorption of Cu（Ⅱ） on rice straw char from acidic aqueous solutions

研究了稻草炭对Cu（Ⅱ）的吸附特征,探讨了Cu（Ⅱ）的吸附机制.结果表明,稻草炭对Cu（Ⅱ）有很高的吸附容量,Langmuir方程能很好地拟合Cu（Ⅱ）吸附等温线,因此可以描述稻草炭对Cu（Ⅱ）的吸附,其预测的Cu（Ⅱ）在pH 4.5和pH 5.0时的最大吸附量分别为0.628 mol.kg-1和0.763 mol.kg-1.稻草炭对Cu（Ⅱ）的吸附量随体系pH升高而增加,但吸附Cu（Ⅱ）的解吸率呈相反的变化趋势.当吸附体系pH≤4.5时,Cu（Ⅱ）解吸率大于55%,说明此时以静电吸附为主;在较高pH条件下Cu（Ⅱ）以非静电吸附机制为主.红外光谱的分析结果表明,稻草炭表面有丰富的—COOH和—OH等含氧官能团,Cu2＋与含氧官能团形成有机络合物导致—COOH吸附峰位移.Cu（Ⅱ）吸附使稻草炭颗粒的Zeta电位向正值方向位移.结果说明Cu（Ⅱ）在稻草炭表面发生了专性吸附.     

强化混凝去除水中的腐殖质

通过一系列试验对混凝去除水中的腐殖质的影响因素进行了评价。结果表明 ,pH值是影响水中腐殖质去除效果的一个关键因素 ,当水中腐殖质浓度为 10 .0mg L ,铝盐作混凝剂时 ,去除腐殖质的最佳pH值在 6.2— 6.6范围内 ;腐殖质浓度升高时 ,最佳pH值向酸性方向偏移。强化混凝调节pH值虽然增加了酸碱费用 ,但是它可以减少混凝剂投量 ,减轻污泥处理负担 ,其总体进行费用并没有增加 ,可认为是一种可行的运行方式     

Growth and nutrient uptake of arbuscular mycorrhizal maize in different depths of soil overlying coal fly ash

Application of topsoil over phytotoxic mine wastes is often practised to establish perennial plant communities on minespoil areas. In China, population pressure encourages attempts to remediate such areas by growing arable crop plants, but efforts to establish agricultural crops often fail. We report an outdoor pot experiment that compared the effects of two arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerdemann and Trappe and G. versiforme (Karsten) Berch, on the growth and nutrient uptake of maize (Zea mays L.) grown in different depths of soil layer overlying coal fly ash. Colonization by both AM fungi increased plant growth compared with non-mycorrhizal controls, with G. mosseae giving higher yields of maize than G. versiforme at the same depths of soil. Increasing soil depth led to increased plant yields. Mycorrhizal plants absorbed more nutrients than non-mycorrhizal controls, and translocated less Na to the shoots, perhaps protecting the plants from excessive Na accumulation. These preliminary results indicate that arbuscular mycorrhizas may make a substantial contribution to successful crop establishment in soils overlying areas of coal fly ash.     

Forecasting industrial water demand in Huaihe River Basin due to environmental changes

A framework is proposed for forecasting industrial water demand in the context of climate change, economic growth, and technological development. The framework was tested in five sub-basins of Huaihe River of China, namely Upstream of Huaihe River (UH), Middlestream of Huaihe River (MH), Downstream of Huaihe River (DH), Yishusi River (YSSR), and Coastal River of Shandong Peninsula (CSP) to project future changes in industrial water demand under different environment change scenarios. Results showed that industrial water demand in Huaihe River basin will increase in the range of 10 to 44.6% due to economic development, water-saving technological advances, and climate change. The highest increase was projected by general circulation model (GCM) BCC-CSM1–1 (179.16 × 108 m³) and the lowest by GCM GISS-E2-R (132.4 × 10⁸ m³) in 2020, while the GCM BNU-ESM projected the highest increase (190.57 × 10⁸ m³) and GCM CNRM-CM5 the lowest (160.41 × 10⁸ m³) in 2030. Among the different sub-basins, the highest increase was projected in MH sub-basin where industrial water demand is already very high. On the other hand, the lowest increase in industrial water demand was projected in UH sub-basin. The rapid growth of high water-consuming industries and increased water demand for cooling due to temperature rise are the major causes of the sharp increase in industrial water demand in the basin. The framework developed in the study can be used for reliable forecasting of industrial water demand which in turn can help in selection of an appropriate water management strategy for adaptation to global environmental changes.     

Simultaneous Fe(Ⅲ) reduction and ammonia oxidation process in Anammox sludge

In recent years, there have been a number of reports on the phenomenon in which ferric iron(Fe(Ⅲ)) is reduced to ferrous iron [Fe(Ⅱ)] in anaerobic environments, accompanied by simultaneous oxidation of ammonia to NO2-, NO3-, or N2.However, studies on the relevant reaction characteristics and mechanisms are rare. Recently, in research on the effect of Fe(Ⅲ) on the activity of Anammox sludge, excess ammonia oxidization has also been found.Hence, in the present study, Fe(Ⅲ) was used to serve as the electron acceptor instead of NO2-,and the feasibility and characteristics of Anammox coupled to Fe(Ⅲ) reduction(termed Feammox) were investigated. After 160 days of cultivation, the conversion rate of ammonia in the reactor was above 80%, accompanied by the production of a large amount of NO3-and a small amount of NO2-. The total nitrogen removal rate was up to 71.8%. Furthermore,quantities of Fe(Ⅱ) were detected in the sludge fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) and denaturated gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) analyses further revealed that in the sludge, some Anammox bacteria were retained, and some microbes were enriched during the acclimatization process. We thus deduced that in Anammox sludge, Fe(Ⅲ) reduction takes place together with ammonia oxidation to NO2-and NO3-along with the Anammox process.     

试论复垦的概念及其与生态重建的关系

基于国内外大量的文献资料,在剖析国外对“土地复垦”的定义、目标的理解和介绍有关国外复垦法规、复垦研究内容和历史的基础上,从复垦和生态重建的基本概念入手,深入探讨了二者内涵与关系,认为：“复垦”的研究十分重视生态原则,也一直将生态重建作为其研究的焦点。因此,“复垦”一词的实质是既恢复土地资源,又重建生态平衡,即“复垦”包括土地复垦和生态重建两方面。     

滇池水体中总悬浮物含量的遥感定量模型

利用滇池 1999年 4月 14日陆地卫星 TM数据与准同步全湖面监测资料 ,对滇池全湖水体总悬浮物含量与不同波段遥感值的关系进行了关联度分析 ,并据此建立了 TM图像遥感总悬浮物水质模型 ,该模型被成功地应用于滇池水体总悬浮物的遥感动态监测。     

Dasibi1000空气自动监测系统的常见故障及排除

本文主要列举了美国Dasibi1000环境空气自动监测系统中的主要监测仪器氮氧化物、二氧化硫、可吸入颗粒物等分析仪在日常运行中容易出现的一些的常见故障。由于此套仪器设备具有自检功能。可通过仪器面板提示的故障信息找到故障所在。并对其形成原因进行了系统分析和总结。同时提出了一些排除故障的方法和步骤以及避免出现这些故障所需的日常维护。     

煤烟粒子中PAHS光化学降解的动力学

 利用TEFLON薄膜室内光化学烟雾箱研究了光强、湿度和温度对燃煤烟颗粒物上多环芳烃（PAH_s）的光化学降解速率的影响。结果表明，PAH_S光解速率常数随光强、湿度和温度的升高而增大。在冬季低光强和低水蒸汽浓度的条件下，PAH_s降解速率很小，可在大气中停留数日，因而可传输较远距离。在夏季高光强和高水蒸汽浓度条件下，PAH_s在数小时内即全部降解。通过对光强、水蒸汽浓度和温度的实验数据进行多元回归，得到了降解速率常数与各参数的函数式，即降解反应的动力学方程式。     

海南岛农业土地资源可持续利用

本文分析了海南岛农业土地资源利用的优势与制约因素 ,论述了农业土地资源的特点 ,指出了农业土地资源可持续利用的对策。