Photoinductive activity of humic acid fractions with the presence of Fe(III): the role of aromaticity and oxygen groups involved in fractions

Relationship between the photoinductive activity and the properties of humic acids (HA) fractions were investigated with and without Fe(III). Three fractions were separated based on the molecular weight (M(w)) and were obtained following the order of M(w): F(A)>F(B)>F(C). Compared to F(A) and F(B), photodegradation of atrazine under simulated sunlight was much faster in solution containing F(C), whose structure was dominated by greater aromaticity, more oxygen groups and fluorophores. The interaction of HA fractions and Fe(III) was studied using fluorescence spectrometry and F(C) had the largest quenching constant. The capacity of electron transfer, estimated from the amount of photoformed Fe(II), was also highest for F(C). Thus, the Fe(III)-F(C) complex was efficient in phototransformation of atrazine in nearly neutral aqueous solutions. These results suggest that the aromaticity and oxygen groups content of HA exert great influence on the binding ability of metals and on the fate of pollutants in natural waters.     

Novel electricity-saving concept using a radio technique for indoor lighting

This study proposes a novel concept for designing a radio switch that can match workplace characteristics and personal needs by individually controlling the lighting group to save electricity. We use a microcontroller that can achieve the function of timing, turned-on and turn-off by setting the internal program to control the radio switch for convenient use, and electricity saving. As compared with the traditional mechanical switch, the radio switch reduced the electricity consumption by 38.64 kwh/week (86.25% of ideal condition or 1194.62% of practical condition), and the annual CO₂ emission can be reduced by 1032.2 kg/year. Additionally, the cost of the radio switch to replace the traditional mechanical switch can be paid back in 1.72 years.     

蕨类植物中的Υ辐射体

报道了对七种蕨类植物作γ能谱分析的结果。铁芒萁及乌毛蕨对~(232)Th放射性系列的辐射子体吸收率很高。铁芒萁的~(223)Ac含量约为附近树叶的20倍,树枝的80倍,草的40倍。计算了芒萁对各γ辐射体的富集比率。铁芒萁和乌毛蕨可作为土壤中钍系含量的指标植物。人们应避免使用干蕨作为燃料。     

近岸海域污染与生态保护

１近岸海域被污染的状况２近岸海域被污染的恶果３近岸海域污染源分析４改善海洋水质 ,重在保护生态环境我国的近岸海域严重受到氮和磷的污染 ,直接导致海水的富营养化。１９９６年由荷兰、英国等３家国际咨询公司完成的世界银行《杭州湾环境研究项目》 ,对长江口、杭州湾及舟山渔场地区大范围河口海域作了详细调查后得出结论为 ,“研究海域处于氮磷过营养的状况 ,在长江、杭州湾和舟山群岛的所有近岸海域 ,氮、磷浓度均大大超了海水四类标准 ;油类污染呈块状分布 ,浓度超过国家二类海水水质标准和国际上的影响评价临界值。”１９９７年底 ,…     

中国城市土壤重金属污染研究进展及治理对策

分析并阐述了中国部分主要城市土壤重金属污染的来源、危害、污染现状及污染特征,以及随着中国城市化进程的加快,今后应对于城市土壤重金属污染的研究引起广泛的关注。城市土壤重金属的来源非常复杂,目前的研究主要局限于定性描述和相关分析,因此在治理方面应根据城市土壤污染的特点及所处环境进行对策研究,并应结合人体健康评估和土地利用方式而制定相应的法规和标准。此外,对重金属的来源进行定量分析,对于控制日益严重的城市土壤重金属污染具有重要意义,也是今后土壤重金属研究分析的重点。     

Organochlorine pesticides in surface sediments and suspended particulate matters from the Yangtze estuary, China

Total HCHs' and total DDTs' levels in surface sediments (SS) ranged from 0.5 to 17.5 ng g⁻¹ and from 0.9 to 33.1 ng g⁻¹, averaged 6.0 and 8.2 ng g⁻¹, respectively. Total HCHs' and total DDTs' levels in suspended particulate matters (SPM) varied from 6.2 to 14.8 ng g⁻¹ with a mean value of 12.3 ng g⁻¹ and were from 3.4 to 25.7 ng g⁻¹ with an average of 16.4 ng g⁻¹, respectively. Lindane is the main HCHs' source and continuing use in the Yangtze Delta areas of ‘pure’ γ-HCH (lindane) rather than technical HCH (a mix of largely α- and some γ-HCH). DDTs in SS are mainly accumulated in history. However, high DDT fractions in SPM are indicators of new input of typical dicofol type DDT from 2002 to 2004. It can be seen that most samples from the Yangtze estuary were in ranges where adverse biological effects are expected, either occasionally or frequently.     

阿尔泰多拉纳萨依金矿床初探

新疆多拉纳萨依金矿床位于阿尔泰克兰海西褶皱带玛尔卡库里大断裂的西南侧,西与苏联矿区阿尔泰之列宁诺戈尔斯克—孜里亚诺夫斯克构造成矿亚带相接。地层为中泥盆统托克萨雷组浅变质岩,大致呈南北走向的长条状分布在三个斜长花岗岩侵入体之间,并有许多钠长斑岩岩脉穿插。主要构造线方向为北北东,向西倾斜。金矿体赋存在沿断裂带侵入于灰岩中的石英钠长岩(或钠长石化斜长花岗岩)中。蚀变围岩主要为千糜岩化、白云母化的石英钠长岩。石英脉中金的品位虽然较高,但工业储量主要赋存于蚀变围岩中。自然金主要以显微和次显微状独立矿物被包裹于黄铁矿等矿物中,成色很高(932—967),其中的少量元素为银、汞和铋。为与斜长花岗岩有关的岩浆期后高—中温热液充填—交代矿床。     

调理剂+淹水措施对Cd污染稻田控Cd效果分析

为探明淹水措施、基施湘润邦土壤调理剂、矿物硅肥+喷施叶面肥、石膏粉以及综合处理对不同污染土壤修复效果和作用机制,通过在3个不同类型Cd污染耕地布置小区试验,研究了单一处理及综合措施对阻控污染耕地稻米吸收累积Cd的影响.结果表明,淹水措施、单一施用调理剂、综合施用结合淹水处理能降低土壤有效态Cd和水稻各器官Cd含量,土壤有效态Cd降低6. 58%～30. 01%,糙米Cd含量降低12. 65%～68. 68%,降低效果为综合处理(T6)基施石膏粉(T5)基施湘润邦土壤调理剂(T3)矿物硅肥+喷施叶面肥(T4)淹水处理(T2)(以两季水稻糙米Cd含量降低效果平均值计算).试验中5个处理使水稻各部位富集系下降,是引起糙米Cd含量下降的主要原因之一.根据田间小区试验显示,基施湘润邦土壤调理剂、矿物硅肥+喷施叶面肥和石膏粉组配施用结合淹水措施可作为Cd污染耕地稻米Cd阻控的有效方法.     

环境因素对土壤含硫气体释放的影响

研究了温度、光照条件两种环境因素对添加不同硫源（胱氨酸、硫酸二乙酯和硫酸钠）土壤含硫气体释放的影响。结果表明,随着培养温度升高,含硫气体释放量增大,而且释放气体种类增多。COS在各种不同处理的土样中均有释放。除添加硫酸二乙酯的土样外,其它各种土样COS释放量与培养温度有很好的相关性,相关系数在0．95以上。添加胱氨酸的土样,含硫气体释放明显高于其它土样,光照条件变化对各种含硫气体释放量影响不大,但在弱光和无光照条件下检出的含硫气体种类较多。     

热带城市湖泊生态恢复中水生植被、浮游动物和鱼类的关系研究

惠州西湖是典型的热带浅水富营养化湖泊,通过建立示范区,进行了鱼类调控和水生植被修复,示范区的水质得到显著改善。作者从2006年3月到9月对水生植被、浮游动物和鱼类进行采样分析。结果表明,水生植被的生物量3月份时为1.249kg·m-2,到9月份逐步增加到9.167kg·m-2,鱼类生物量在研究期间有所下降,渔获量从3月份的17.5kg到9月份时降低至7.61kg,示范区浮游动物丰度低于平湖,其中大型浮游动物丰度高于平湖,轮虫丰度则呈缩减,示范区和未进行修复的平湖浮游动物体长均主要分布在0到0.2mm之间,体长大于0.6mm的分布比例示范区的是未修复平湖的两倍,浮游动物的生物量二者差别不大。