建筑工程事故分析及预防

从质量和施工安全两个方面分析了建筑工程事故的产生原因,并针对我国建筑业的现状、建筑工程质量事故和施工安全事故产生的原因提出了预防建筑工程质量事故和建筑工程施工安全事故发生的建议。     

不同面积小流域山洪泥石流预报模型研究——以北京市密云县为例

针对北京市密云县境内密云水库上游山洪泥石流发生特点,以系统科学为基本思想,将Bayes判别分析法引入山区小流域山洪泥石流预报模型建立之中。通过对北京市密云县境内密云水库上游影响山洪泥石流发生的系统内部要素和其外部环境条件进行综合分析,选择影响山洪泥石流发生的前15d实效降雨量和当日降雨量作为预报模型因子,分别建立了三种不同流域面积范围的山洪泥石流预报模型,所建立的山洪泥石流预报模型适用的流域面积范围分别为0.30～2.00 km2、2.00～5.00 km2和5.00～15.42 km2。经检验,三组预报模型的正确率分别为86.4%、92.9%和83.3%,均满足了Bayes判别分析法所规定的其验证正确率的要求,表明模型可以应用于研究区域不同流域面积范围的山洪泥石流预报。预报模型的建立为北京市密云县境内密云水库上游山洪泥石流的即时预报提供了一种简捷易行方法。     

The antiestrogen-like activity and reproductive toxicity of 2,6-DCBQ on female zebrafish upon sub-chronic exposure

2,6-Dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (2,6-DCBQ), an emerging water disinfection by-product, is widely detected in water resources. However, its potential effects on the reproductive system are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the long-term effects of 2,6-DCBQ on gonadal development by exposing zebrafish from 15 to 180 days postfertilization (dpf). Following exposure to 2,6-DCBQ (20 and 100 µg/L), female-specific effects including delayed puberty onset, retarded ovarian growth and breakdown of the zona radiata were observed, resulting in subfertility in adult females. Adverse effects in folliculogenesis disappeared two months after cessation of 2,6-DCBQ administration. In contrast, no adverse impacts were noted in male testes. The effects on females were associated with significant reduction in 17β-estradiol (E2) level, suggesting a role for 2,6-DCBQ in anti-estrogenic activity. E2 level change in blood was further supported by dysregulated expression of genes (cyp19a1a, fshb, kiss3, esr2b, vtg1, and vtg3) related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad-liver (HPGL) axis. The present study demonstrates for the first time that 2,6-DCBQ induces reproductive impairments in female zebrafish through disrupting 17β-estradiol level.     

身管内膛镀铬性能检测研究

目的对内膛表面强化层性能进行定量评估,给后续镀铬层的优化及新型内膛表面强化层技术的优选提供试验方法。方法以成熟度最高、应用最广泛的内膛表面镀铬技术为依据,开展强化层检测研究,主要包括硬度、厚度及微观缺陷、结合性能、抗烧蚀性能、抗磨损性能等研究。量化镀铬层抗烧蚀、抗磨损性能,实现实验室对内膛镀铬层性能的综合评估。结果铬层硬度约为521.8HV,高于基体硬度。铬层裂纹初始宽度约为300 nm,多数裂纹未连接成“网状”。铬层与基体结合力约为67.2 N。相同条件下,相比基体,镀铬层的烧蚀量和磨损量始终较小。结论镀铬层综合性能优于基体材料。     

One-step preparation of polyimide-inlaid amine-rich porous organic block copolymer for efficient removal of chlorophenols from aqueous solution

A novel polyimide-inlaid amine-rich porous organic block copolymer (PI-b-ARPOP) was prepared via one-step polymerization by using different molar ratios of melamine (MA)/terephthalaldehyde (TA)/pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), at molar ratios of 4/3/1, 4/2/2 and 4/1/3. The copolymer contained both aminal groups belonging to ARPOP and imide groups belonging to PI, and the bonding styles of the monomers and growth orientations of the polymeric chains were diversiform, forming an excellent porous structure. Notably, MA/TA/PMDA (4/2/2) had a surface area and pore volume of 487.27?m²/g and 1.169?cm³/g, respectively. The adsorption performance of the materials towards 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in ultra-pure water was systematically studied. The pH value of 7 was optimal in aqueous solution. Na⁺ and Cl^? ions did not negatively affect the adsorption process, while humic acid (HA) slightly decreased the capacity. The equilibrium time was 40 sec, and the maximum adsorption capacity reached 282.49?mg/g at 298?K. The removal process was endothermic and spontaneous, and the copolymer could maintain its porous structure and consistent performance after regeneration by treatment with alkali. Moreover, to further assess the practical applicability of the material, the adsorption performance towards 2,4-DCP in river water was also investigated. This paper demonstrated that the PI-b-ARPOP can be an efficient and practical adsorbent to remove chlorophenols from aqueous solution.     

环境监测中遥感技术的运用探究

目前,遥感技术已被广泛使用于大气污染、水污染、地面污染等环境污染的监测工作中,在环境检测工作中遥感技术有速度快、成本低、范围广、长期进行动态监测等优势。经过不断的发展遥感技术越来越新颖,有热红外遥感技术、微波遥感监测技术和可见光-反射红外遥感技术。     

珠三角夏秋季节大气颗粒物与碳黑气溶胶污染特征的研究

以珠三角地区4个区域监测站2012年夏秋季节监测结果为例,分析该地区不同粒径大气颗粒物（PM10／PM2．5／PM1）和碳黑气溶胶（BC）质量浓度的变化特征。结果显示,区域内不同站点之间或站点不同粒径颗粒物之间均有显著的相关性,该地区PM,和BC质量浓度约占PM2．5的70％和8．2％,PM1,约占PM10的68％。秋季污染天气中,PM1质量浓度的增长量大于其他粒径颗粒物的增长量。颗粒物浓度与大气能见度的影响分析显示,碳黑气溶胶质量浓度增大与能见度降低关系密切。     

Risk analysis in research environment – Part I: Modeling Lab Criticity Index using Improved Risk Priority Number

Current available risk analysis techniques are well adapted to industry needs since they were developed for its purpose. All hazards present in industry are also met in research/academia, although quantities of some hazardous substances are smaller. Still, because of its characteristics e.g., high turnover of collaborators, rapid reorientation of research programs, freedom of research, equipment often in development stage, difficulty to obtain accidents statistics, not well described processes, etc., research/academia milieu is an environment whose risks are difficult to assess by available risk analysis techniques. In the present paper, a new methodology, Laboratory Assessment and Risk Analysis – LARA, for research and/or complex environment is proposed. When multiple hazards are analyzed, the result of assessment is a risk ranking calculated using a Lab Criticity Index – LCI, providing identification of critical areas and prioritization of safety actions. LCI is conceived through two approaches: the Risk Priority Number – RPN and the Analytic Hierarchy Process – AHP. It is suggested to estimate risk as a combination of severity, probability, detectability, worsening factors and research specificities.     

Hybrid microbial electrolytic/UV system for highly efficient organic pollutants removal

This study for the first time proposed an efficient microbial electrolyte/UV system for Methyl Orange decomposition. With an external applied voltage of 0.2 V and cathode aeration of20 mL/min, H_2O_2 could be in-situ generated from two-electron reduction of oxygen in cathode, reaching to 8.1 mg/L in 2 hr and continued to increase. The pollutant removal efficiency of approximate 94.7% was achieved at initial neutral pH, with the activation of ·OH in the presence of UV illumination. Although the nature of its guiding principles remain on the vista of practical exploration, this proof-of-concept study provides an alternative operation pattern of solar–microbial hybrid technology for future wastewater treatment from a basic but multidisciplinary view.     

Electrochemical crystallization for recovery of phosphorus and potassium from urine as K-struvite with a sacrificial magnesium anode

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Declining earth resources, rising ore cost and increasing pollution are calling for recycling of wastewater in the context of the circular economy. In...