阻燃电解液改善钛酸锂电池体系热稳定性研究

为了提高锂离子电池安全性,将碳酸亚乙烯酯、亚硫酸丙烯酯与二甲基乙酰胺加入到1.0mol/L LiPF_6/碳酸乙烯酯+碳酸二乙酯(1∶1wt%)的基准电解液中,配制成阻燃电解液。运用C80微量量热仪对钛酸锂负极(放电至1.0V)与基准电解液共存体系、钛酸锂负极(放电至1.0V)与阻燃电解液共存体系进行热稳定性测试,并计算得到热力学参数。对Li/基准电解液/Li_4Ti_5O_(12)和Li/阻燃电解液/Li_4Ti_5O_(12)半电池进行充放电循环测试、循环伏安测试与SEM扫描电镜测试。实验结果表明,钛酸锂负极与阻燃电解液体系反应放出的热量较钛酸锂负极与基准电解液体系减少了35.4%,且具有更高的活化能,提高了钛酸锂电池体系的热稳定性;同时电化学测试结果表明,阻燃电解液与钛酸锂负极有良好的相容性,可以应用到钛酸锂电池体系。     

天祝高寒草地三线镰孢的分离鉴定及β-tubulin基因序列分析

按30 m的梯度将海拔2 880～3 360 m分为16个采样点,在同一海拔高度按照"Z"字形取样,共取5个点,对16个采样点的土样混匀后以根残体分离法在镰刀菌选择性培养基上进行分离,对分离得到的镰刀菌菌落进行纯化和单孢分离后,以形态学为基础,参照Nelson分类系统进行鉴定.结果表明:在分离到的212个镰刀菌菌株中,有5个菌株为三线镰孢(Fusarium tricinctum).随机选取2株三线镰孢菌株进行β-tubulin基因序列分析,将PCR产物回收测序后在Genbank上比对,菌株TZh-4-3-7和TZh-11-5-2与GenBank上登记的6个新西兰菌株的亲缘关系最近,同源性达96%.利用DNAStar软件绘制其系统发育树状图,结果显示,菌株TZh-4-3-7和TZh-11-5-2与以上6个F.tricinctum菌株均位于系统发育树的同一分支,聚为一类.本研究采用的β-tubulin基因序列分析结果验证了利用形态学鉴定镰刀菌的准确性;将β-tubulin基因序列分析应用于三线镰孢的鉴定中,拓宽了鉴定途径,提高了鉴定的准确性;并了解了三线镰孢在天祝高寒草原不同海拔高度的分布,丰富了我国草原镰刀菌资源库,为进一步探讨镰刀菌与草原退化的关系奠定了基础.     

太钢安全工作新思路的尝试

太钢自1996年以来,开始了“大安全”工作思路,狠抓了人身安全,职业卫生安全,设备设施安全,生产组织安全,技术工艺安全,交通安全,消防安全,后勤保障安全,医疗卫生安全,环境保护,社会活动安全等,取得了很大效果。     

钢制药筒装药的烤燃实验与数值模拟研究

以122mm钢制药筒装药为研究对象,开展了不同热通量下钢制药筒装药烤燃实验及数值模拟研究。以石膏粉替代发射药,通过烤燃实验研究了122mm钢制药筒内置石膏粉在不同热通量下的温升曲线、温升过程中的最高温度点及其达到发射药热点火温度的时间,并与数值模拟结果对比,得到一定程度上符合较好的结果。通过对数值模拟模型及结果的合理性分析,对122mm钢制药筒内置9/7发射药在不同热通量下的烤燃情况进行了数值模拟,得到不同热通量下钢制药筒装药的燃爆点、燃爆温度及燃爆时间,并得到燃爆温度及燃爆时间与环境热通量的关系,以其为参考,对弹药的日常储运安全及消防安全具有一定的指导意义。     

Risk analysis in research environment – Part II: Weighting Lab Criticity Index using the Analytic Hierarchy Process

A new methodology for risk analysis, namely Laboratory Assessment and Risk Analysis – LARA, is proposed in the companion paper to assess risks in research/academia environment. The core of this methodology relies on defining the adequate role player factors to assess risks in research environment and their mathematical combination to quantify and assess the risk. Quantitative outcome of the analysis results in a Lab Criticity Index – LCI, constructed as a rather comprehensive function of probability, severity, risk worsening factors, research specificities and Hazard Detectability. Even though the LCI model can be used at this stage, its “surjective” and “linear” properties were outlined; the non differentiation between LCI factors remains to be solved.The present article addresses this problematic, bringing a solution based on a Multicriteria Decision Making – MCDM modeling, namely Analytic Hierarchy Process – AHP. This leads to a refined criticity index being “bijective” and unique for every combination of factors.A preliminary risk assessment based on the LARA methodology is discussed for a research lab working with lasers.     

采矿作业眼伤害的原因及对策

眼伤害在采矿作业的职业伤害中占有很高的比例,眼睛是接收获取信息的重要途径,保护作业者的眼睛必须予以高度重视。在B采矿企业的调查分析找出可能的伤害因素,并制定相应的解决方案,提高作业者的自我防护意识、选择符合相关的标准和法规要求、适合作业者脸型且佩戴舒适的眼护具,并促使其正确使用和维护等措施,不仅帮助了作业者降低职业眼伤害的风险,而且维护作业者和企业的长远利益。     

碳源及电子受体对厌氧微生物降解对氯硝基苯的影响

为考察氯代硝基苯的共代谢降解过程中,有机碳源类型和电子受体对氯代硝基苯厌氧降解过程的影响,以对氯硝基苯(p-CNB,para-chloronitrobenzene)为目标污染物,通过间歇试验考察了葡萄糖、乙醇、乙酸钠等有机碳源及SO2--4、NO3等竞争性电子受体对厌氧微生物降解对氯硝基苯的影响。结果显示,葡萄糖、乙醇和乙酸钠作为碳源时,菌种获得的还原能力大小依次为:乙醇葡萄糖乙酸钠。SO2-4对菌种降解对氯硝基苯过程不产生竞争性抑制。NO-3对对氯硝基苯降解过程的影响与碳源的量有关,当乙醇-COD为100 mg/L时,硝酸盐产生竞争性抑制,且抑制作用随着NO-3浓度升高而增强;当乙醇-COD为600 mg/L时,硝酸盐对菌种降解对氯硝基苯过程不产生竞争性抑制作用。     

Studying developmental neurotoxic effects of bisphenol A (BPA) using embryonic stem cells

There is little to no toxicity information regarding thousands of chemicals to which people are exposed daily. In fact, of the 84,000 chemicals listed in the United States Toxic Substances Control Act Inventory, there is limited information available on their effects on neural development (Betts, 2010 and US EPA, 2015). The number of chemicals tested remains low due to the high cost of conducting multi-generational animal studies and the lack of alternative testing methods.     

Experimental study on the impact of temperature on the dissipation process of supersaturated total dissolved gas

Water temperature not only affects the solubility of gas in water but can also be an important factor in the dissipation process of supersaturated total dissolved gas （TDG）. The quantitative relationship between the dissipation process and temperature has not been previously described. This relationship affects the accurate evaluation of the dissipation process and the subsequent biological effects. This article experimentally investigates the impact of temperature on supersaturated TDG dissipation in static and turbulent conditions. The results show that the supersaturated TDG dissipation coefficient increases with the temperature and turbulence intensity. The quantitative relationship was verified by straight flume experiments. This study enhances our understanding of the dissipation of supersaturated TDG. Furthermore, it provides a scientific foundation for the accurate prediction of the dissipation process of supersaturated TDG in the downstream area and the negative imp）acts of high dam projects on aquatic ecosystems.     

掺杂过渡金属的TiO2/累托石复合材料的制备及其光催化性能研究

以累托石为载体,钛酸四丁酯和硝酸铜为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出了掺杂过渡金属铜的TiO2/累托石复合光催化材料,并对其进行了X射线衍射(XRD)和红外光谱(FT-IR)的表征.同时考察了复合材料在紫外光照下对对氯苯酚的光催化活性,研究了铜掺杂量和煅烧温度等因素对复合材料光催化活性的影响,探讨了过渡金属掺杂改性TiO2的机理及对氯苯酚的光催化降解机理.实验结果表明:在制备复合材料的过程中,累托石的层状结构遭到一定程度的破坏;复合材料中的TiO2主要是以大部分的锐钛矿型和小部分的金红石型的混合形态存在;负载累托石后复合材料的吸附性能明显增加,掺杂铜的TiO2/累托石复合材料的光催化活性要高于未掺杂铜的TiO2/累托石复合材料,并且当掺铜量为0.5%(质量分数),煅烧温度为500℃时,复合材料对对氯苯酚的光催化去除率达到最大;苯醌类物质可能是对氯苯酚光降解的中间产物.