酸性矿山废水的治理技术现状及进展

酸性矿山废水(AMD)是矿山废水中危害最严重的一类废水,其产生原因和治理技术引起了广泛的重视。介绍了酸性矿山废水的主要产生原因,综述了国内外治理酸性矿山废水技术的研究现状,包括化学法、物理法、生物法、湿地法等,讨论了相关技术存在的问题,并总结了酸性矿山废水技术的新进展和发展趋势。     

基于综合水质标识指数法的四川西充河水质评价

四川省西充河为严重污染河流,选取溶解氧(DO)、氨氮(NH+4-N)、五日生化需氧量(BOD5)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)5项指标年平均值,采用综合水质标识指数法,研究了西充河近10年水质状况随时间变化趋势及水污染特征。2003年至2010年水质级别为劣V类,2011年和2012年水质级别为Ⅳ类,水质标识指数Iwq从2003年的12.459逐渐降低到2012年的4.431。西充河近10年水质状况整体呈好转趋势,但未达到国家规定的Ⅲ级水质标准,水质标识指数Iwq结果表明该好转的速度较慢,西充河水质状况有较大的上升潜力和空间。总氮(TN)和氨氮(NH+4-N)为河流主要污染物,为了达到国家Ⅲ级水质标准,西充河的治理已刻不容缓。     

长光路傅立叶变换红外光谱技术研究氯氟烃替代物与氢氧自由基反应速率常数

利用长光路傅立叶变换红外光谱技术（LP－FTIR）,用相对速率方法研究大气中氯氟烃替代物HFC152a（CHF₂CH₃）和HCFC22（CHClF₂）与OH自由基反应速率常数,用紫外光照射O₃和H₂O的方法产生OH自由基。实验测定了700Tor大气压力和常温（298±2k）下的反应速率常数值：k（HFCl52a＋OH）＝（2.90±0.09）×10^－14cm₃·molecule^－1．S^－1,k（HCFC22＋OH）＝（3.80±0.24）×10^－15cm3．Molecule^－1．S^－1,统计误差为2σ     

Primary neuronal-astrocytic co-culture platform for neurotoxicity assessment of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

Plastics such as polyvinyl chlorides （PVC） are widely used in many indoor constructed environments; however, their unbound chemicals, such as di-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalates （DEHP）, can leach into the surrounding environment. This study focused on DEHP＇s effect on the central nervous system by determining the precise DEHP content in mice brain tissue after exposure to the chemical, to evaluate the specific exposure range. Primary neuronal-astrocyte co-culture systems were used as in vitro models for chemical hazard identification of DEHP. Oxidative stress was hypothesized as a probable mechanism involved, and therefore the total reactive oxygen species （ROS） concentration was determined as a biomarker of oxidative stress. In addition, NeuriteTracer, a neurite tracing plugin with ImageJ, was used to develop an assay for neurotoxicity to provide quantitative measurements of neurological parameters, such as neuronal number, neuron count and neurite length, all of which could indicate neurotoxic effects. The results showed that with 1 nmol/L DEHP exposure, there was a significant increase in ROS concentrations, indicating that the neuronal-astrocyte cultures were injured due to exposure to DEHP. In response, astrocyte proliferation （gliosis） was initiated, serving as a mechanism to maintain a homeostatic environment for neurons and protect neurons from toxic chemicals. There is a need to assess the cumulative effects of DEHP in animals to evaluate the possible uotake and effects on the human neuronal system from exoosure to DEHP in the indoor environment.     

层状云酸化过程的数值模拟

修正和发展了一维层状云物理化学模式,该模式包括了详细的气?液相反应和光辐射传输,在我国东部地区平均污染水平下模拟了降水酸化过程?结果表明:光解系数在云顶为无云时的2～3倍,在云底则为无云时的0.2倍;自由基对S(Ⅳ)的氧化在降水后期可超过H₂O₂,并致使SO2-₄和NO-₃浓度在降水后期有逐渐增长的趋势;由于H₂SO₄和HNO₃的不断生成以及NH3和气溶胶的洗脱,地面雨水酸度持续上升?      

瓦里关山大气CO2及其δ13C本底变化

利用 1991— 2 0 0 1年期间实测资料 ,分析了瓦里关全球基准站大气CO2 及其δ13 C本底特征 ,并探讨了与源汇过程的关系 .结果表明 ,瓦里关大气CO2 及其δ13 C本底变化主要反映了北半球中高纬度大陆自然生态系统源汇的周期性季节特征 ,而海洋的作用相对较弱 ;大气CO2 及其δ13 C本底浓度范围与所处纬度带平均状况基本吻合 ,年平均值以及年际间涨落与全球水平的一致性反映出化石燃料燃烧等人为排放对大气圈的全球性影响 ;瓦里关站提供的主要温室气体本底观测资料 ,既能体现亚洲内陆地域特点又具有全球代表性 ,配合以其它相关资料 ,还可进一步揭示中国内陆高原大气CO2 及其δ13 C本底特征的成因 .     

南京市城市生活垃圾分类收集问卷调查

围绕南京市城市生活垃圾分类收集的问卷调查展开，揭示了南京市生活垃圾收集开展的现状，分析了其间存在的问题及成因，提出了相应的改进意见和解决办法，为生活垃圾分类收集在全国的推广提供了依据。     

水质氨氮在线监测仪发展现状

水中氨氮作为"十二五"国家重点控制污染指标,其在线监测设备的发展至关重要,本文主要介绍了目前中国市场上存在的主要水质氨氮在线监测仪的原理情况,并按照国家标准对其进行基本性能和实际水样测试的比较试验,为水质氨氮在线监测仪的应用提供参考。     

海水中二甲基硫测定方法的研究

二甲基硫（ＤＭＳ）是雨水天然酸性的贡献者和影响气候变化的重要痕量气体，本文海水中ＤＭＳ测定方法，即采用冷却预浓缩技术处理海水样品，用带有火焰光度检测器气相色谱仪分析，此方法的精密度为１２％，准确度为１０％，对１００ｍｌ海水样品最小检测量为０．０５４ｎｇ（ＤＭＳ）。同时对色谱柱的选取，实验材料的选择，浓缩柱填充材料的选择，鼓气效率，干燥管，样品解析，样品保存等有关实验步骤进行了讨论。     

Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soil in Tianjin, China

Principal component analysis and multiple linear regression were applied to apportion sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface soils of Tianjin, China based on the measured PAH concentrations of 188 surface soil samples. Four principal components were identified representing coal combustion, petroleum, coke oven plus biomass burning, and chemical industry discharge, respectively. The contributions of major sources were quantified as 41% from coal, 20% from petroleum, and 39% from coking and biomass, which are compatible with PAH emissions estimated based on fuel consumption and emission factors. When the study area was divided into three zones with distinctive differences in soil PAH concentration and profile, different source features were unveiled. For the industrialized Tanggu-Hangu zone, the major contributors were cooking (43%), coal (37%) and vehicle exhaust (20%). In rural area, however, in addition to the three main sources, biomass burning was also important (13%). In urban-suburban zone, incineration accounted for one fourth of the total.