有机磷农药对海洋微藻致毒性的生物学研究Ⅰ．四种海洋微藻对久效磷的耐受力与其SOD活性的相关性

本文研究了久效磷农药对扁藻、三角褐指藻、金藻和盐藻的毒性实验。结果表明，四种海洋微藻对久效磷的耐受力依次为：盐藻＞三角褐指藻＞金藻＞扁澡。对微藻细胞内过氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性的测定表明，四种海洋微藻对久效磷的耐受力与其ＳＯＤ活性具相关性，耐受力最强的盐藻其细胞内ＳＯＤ活性较高，并在久效磷的胁迫下保持相对稳定；耐受力较弱的三角褐指藻和金藻其细胞内ＳＯＤ活性随着久效磷浓度的提高逐渐下降；而耐受力弱的扁藻在久效磷胁迫下，其细胞内ＳＯＤ活性迅速下降。因此，可从ＳＯＤ活性及其变化规律上判断久效磷对海洋环境污染的程度以及海洋微藻的耐受力。     

有害废弃物几种固化方法

木文介绍了有害废弃物５种固化—稳定化方法，并给出实例以及固化效果的影响因素分析．     

论现代战争与环境污染

收集了大量有关海湾战争等现代战争造成的环境污染，包括空气、水和土壤污染的来源、种类以及污染程度等资料，分析了现代战争对环境的严重污染和巨大破坏作用，论述了如何正确处理战争与环境保护的关系。     

水相催化芳香氯化物脱氯研究

通过把起相转移作用的聚乙二醇（PEG）链，键合到硅胶上，再将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）络合双金属Pd-Cu后负载其上，制成一种新型双负载双金属催化剂PVP－PdCl2/SiO2-PEG600,以甲酸钠为氢转移试剂，在水相催水芳香氯化物脱氯，当反应温度80℃左右，n(Pd):n(Cu）=2:1，反应介质pH值11．7左右时，具有较高的催化脱卤活性，催化剂不但易于制备，便于分离，且具有良好的重复使用性能，经重复使用六次，转化率仍在70％以上。     

Role of interfacial electron transfer reactions on sulfamethoxazole degradation by reduced nontronite activating H2O2

It has been documented that organic contaminants can be degraded by hydroxyl radicals ( • OH) produced by the activation of H₂ O₂ by Fe(II)-bearing clay. However, the interfacial electron transfer reactions between structural Fe(II) and H 2 O 2 for • OH generation and its effects on contaminant remediation are unclear. In this study, we first investigated the relation between • OH generation sites and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation by activating H₂O₂ using nontronite with different reduction extents. SMX (5.2–16.9 μmol/L) degradation first increased and then decreased with an increase in the reduction extent of nontronite from 22% to 62%, while the • OH production increased continually. Passivization treatment of edge sites and structural variation results revealed that interfacial electron transfer reactions between Fe(II) and H 2 O 2 occur at both the edge and basal plane. The enhancement on basal plane interfacial electron transfer reactions in a high reduction extent rNAu-2 leads to the enhancement on utilization efficiencies of structural Fe(II) and H 2 O 2 for • OH generation.However, the • OH produced at the basal planes is less efficient in oxidizing SMX than that of at edge sites. Oxidation of SMX could be sustainable in the H 2 O 2 /rNAu-2 system through chemically reduction. The results of this study show the importance role of • OH generation sites on antibiotic degradation and provide guidance and potential strategies for antibiotic degradation by Fe(II)-bearing clay minerals in H 2 O 2 -based treatments.     

依法推行清洁生产促进经济发展与环境保护“双赢”

该文分析了企业实施清洁生产的重要意义，阐述了政府组织、企业实施和政策配套是推进清洁生产的三个主要环节，并结合福建省建设生态省的环境保护工作要求，提出依法推进清洁生产工作的对策建议。     

地铁隧道电缆阴燃时优化通风的数值模拟

地铁隧道电缆阴燃火灾相比明燃火灾,具有更高的隐蔽性和更大的危害性。根据地铁隧道电缆的阴燃特点,采用数值模拟方法,对阴燃电缆热解产物在不同通风模式下的毒害性分布进行研究。结果表明,隧道断面2 m/s的送风风速并不能最大程度地确保疏散人员的安全,而与列车驶入时刻满足三次多项式关系的最优送风风速,可以使列车内安全距离达到最大,且不会影响到人员的安全疏散。     

中国水污染防治40年回顾与展望

改革开放40多年来,我国水污染防治工作取得巨大成效。本文通过回顾我国水污染防治发展历程和总结不同阶段我国流域水污染防治工作特点,提出了面向2035年水生态环境保护的管理建议,以期为2035年美丽中国水环境建设提供参考。     

Nitrate removal from aqueous solutions by magnetic cationic hydrogel: Effect of electrostatic adsorption and mechanism

Excessive nitrate(NO_3~-) is among the most problematic surface water and groundwater pollutants.In this study,a type of magnetic cationic hydrogel(MCH) is employed for NO_3~-adsorption and well characterized herein.Its adsorption capacity is considerably pHdependent and achieves the optimal adsorption(maximum NO_3~--adsorption capacity is95.88±1.24 mg/g) when the pH level is 5.2-8.8.The fitting result using the homogeneous surface diffusion model indicates that the surface/film diffusion controls the adsorption rate,and NO_3~-approaches the center of MCH particles within 30 min.The diffusion coefficient(D_s) and external mass transfer coefficient(k_F) in the liquid phase are1.15 × 10~(-6) cm~2/min and 4.5 × 10~(-6) cm/min,respectively.The MCH is employed to treat surface water that contains 10 mg/L of NO_3~-,and it is found that the optimal magnetic separation time is 1.6 min.The high-efficiency mass transfer and magnetic separation of MCH during the adsorption-regeneration process favors its application in surface water treatment.Furthermore,the study of the mechanism involved reveals that both-N~+(CH_3)_3 groups and NO_3~-are convoluted in adsorption via electrostatic interactions.It is further found that ion exchange between NO_3~-and chlorine occurs.     

Observation of chemical components of PM2.5 and secondary inorganic aerosol formation during haze and sandy haze days in Zhengzhou, China

Mineral dust particles play an important role in the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols, which largely contribute to haze pollution in China.During this study, a haze episode(haze days) and a typical haze process mixed with sandstorm(sandy haze days)were observed in Zhengzhou with a series of high-time-resolution monitoring instruments from November 22 to December 8, 2018.Concentrations of PM_(10) and crustal elements clearly increased in the sandy haze days.Concentrations of gaseous pollutants, metallic elements emitted from anthropogenic sources, nitrate, and ammonium during sandy haze days were slightly lower than those during the haze days but still obviously higher than those during the non-haze days.The sulfate concentrations, the sulfate fractions in PM_(2.5),and the sulfur oxidation ratios significantly increased in the sandy haze days.Heterogeneous reactions dominated the conversion of SO_2 during the haze and sandy haze days.Enhanced SO_2 conversion during the sandy haze days may be attributed to the high concentrations of transition metal ions from the sandstorm when the values of relative humidity(RH) were in 30%–70%, and high O_3 at certain time points.Gas-phase NO_2 oxidation reactions were the main pathways for nitrate formation.In the sandy haze days,higher nitrogen oxidation ratio(NOR) at daytime may be associated with higher RH and lower temperature than those in the haze days, which facilitate the gas-to-particle partitioning of nitrate; higher NOR values at night may be attributed to the higher O_3 concentrations, which promoted the formation of N_2O_5.