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811.
The idea of environmental rights was first ascertained as a universal concern in the late 20th century and then became a fundamental part of environmental law along with the growth of serious disasters brought by the frequent occurrence of extreme environmental crisis. Generally speaking, the environmental rights safeguard and defend human rights and ultimately facilitate producing better conditions of life on earth by stretching and expanding the theory of traditional human rights. But there are endless debates since environmental rights appeared and various views of environmental rights, such as anthropocentric doctrine and organism's centre doctrine. Differentiated from the traditional research, this article reviewed environmental rights from the perspective of harmonious development between human beings and nature rather than from the perspective of law. Therefore, it is very important to clarify the relationship between human beings and nature based on the environmental rights and to promote the environmental rights to be embodied in the constitution. This article emphasized the importance of the practical significance of environmental rights, and built a concrete structure within the legal system that could promote the transformation of environmental law from ‘should have’ right to practical right, and promote the further development of environmental rights and their weightiness in the legal system. 相似文献
812.
复合垂直流人工湿地氧化还原特征及不同功能区净化作用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了复合垂直流人工湿地系统氧化还原电位(Eh)的时空变化规律及不同功能区中污染物的净化效果。结果表明:湿地系统下行流池表层、两池底层、上行流池表层Eh的变化范围分别为402~585、-87~-130、308~432 mV,沿水流方向依次形成了好氧A区/缺氧、厌氧区/好氧B区3个功能区。好氧A区是污染物去除的主要区域,BOD5、CODCr、NH+4- N的去除率分别为430%、484%、541%,特别是NH+4 N去除率占总去除率的79%;缺氧、厌氧区主要是进行反硝化反应和有机物的厌氧分解;好氧B区则主要是去除厌氧分解后的有机物以及进一步脱氮。另外,NH+4 N的去除率与系统各功能区Eh呈显著相关关系(〖WTBX〗p〖WTBZ〗<001),而BOD5、CODCr、NO-3-N的去除率与系统各功能区Eh相关性不显著。 相似文献
813.
次氯酸钠氧化预处理草甘膦生产废水 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
利用次氯酸钠对草甘膦生产废水进行预处理,废水pH对处理效果影响不大,可将次氯酸钠直接投入到原碱性废水中,在其用量相当理论量的40%、氧化时间为4h时,草甘膦的去除率为98%。预处理后的废水对厌氧消化过程不再产生抑制作用。 相似文献
814.
基于神经网络的煤矿底板突水预测 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
阐述了运用人工神经网络建立煤矿底板突水预测模型的思路与方法,并以山东国家庄煤矿为例,对该方法的合理性和准确性进行了验证.研究表明,利用人工神经网络建立非线性系统的预测模型,具有自学习、自适应、精度高等显著优点. 相似文献
815.
816.
自激振荡磨料射流的基本理论与初步试验 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
自激振荡磨料射流是在自激振荡脉冲射流和前混合磨料射流基础上,提出的新型射流。为此,重点讨论了自激振荡磨料射流喷嘴的结构和工作原理,分析了脉冲频率和幅值等参数对磨粒加速效果的影响。根据初步研究表明,磨粒速度受脉冲频率和幅度影响很大,磨粒速度可超过前混合磨料射流中磨粒的速度,最大钻孔速度比前混合磨料射流提高41% 。这一成果有望用于坚硬物料的切割和特种加工、石油钻井、大洋采矿、难采矿体的开采、坚硬岩石巷道(遂道)掘进、表面清洗等领域。 相似文献
817.
Yuliang Zhou Dong Zhang Ping Zhou Zhaoli Wang Pan Yang Juliang Jin Yi Cui Shaowei Ning 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2023,59(3):571-583
In univariate frequency analysis, the return period of an event has a one-to-one correspondence with its characteristic value, and the response of the hydraulic structure to hydrological load expressed by the hydrological event is monotonic. Thus, the design criteria of the hydraulic structure can be equivalently represented by the return period of the hydrological event, and consequently, design event-based design parameters evaluated have been widely used in practical engineering. However, the monotonic correspondence between the return period of the hydrological event and the response of the hydraulic structure does not exist in the multivariate context, and hydrological load with a larger joint return period does not always produce a more unsafe response. Misunderstandings of concepts of return periods of hydrological event, and estimation of hydrological design events usually take place in multivariate frequency analysis. This study theoretically derives the relations between different types of joint return periods, joint return period and its marginal return periods, the occurrence of bivariate extreme events and their return periods, and then the theoretical framework is tested. Results from the case contribute to the understanding of bivariate return periods of hydrological event, and the results demonstrate that design criteria cannot be equivalently represented by joint return periods of hydrological load, and design parameters of the hydraulic structure should not be determined by multivariate hydrological design events. 相似文献
818.
本文论述林火管理中防止大火成灾的重要性,并以系统工程为主要手段,通过计算机运算提供的数据,指挥人员选用相对优化的决策。依靠现代化的灭火技术,最大限度地制止大火蔓延直到熄灭,其目标是把火灾损失限制在最小程度. 相似文献
819.
Wang H Bi J Wheeler D Wang J Cao D Lu G Wang Y 《Journal of environmental management》2004,71(2):123-133
In this paper we describe a new incentive-based pollution control program in China, in which the environmental performance of firms is rated from best to worst using five colors--green, blue, yellow, red and black--and the ratings are disseminated to the public through the media. We focus on the first two municipal disclosure programs, which have been implemented at very different levels of economic and institutional development. In both cases, the increases in compliance with pollution regulations have been similar to increases produced by public disclosure programs in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam. The results suggest that incentives created by public disclosure may significantly reduce pollution in China, even though environmental NGO's play little role and there is no formal channel for public participation in environmental regulation. 相似文献
820.