Is being a leader a mixed blessing? A dual‐pathway model linking leadership role occupancy to well‐being

Recent leadership research has drawn greater attention to how the well‐being of leaders influences leadership behaviors, follower performance and well‐being, and overall leadership effectiveness. Yet little attention has been paid to the relationship between occupying leadership positions and job incumbents' well‐being. This research addresses this question by developing and testing a dual‐pathway model. Our model proposes that incumbency in leadership positions is positively related to high levels of both job demands and job control, whereas job demands and job control have offsetting effects on well‐being. Results based on a longitudinal sample revealed that employees who transitioned from nonleadership positions to leadership roles showed trajectories of increasing job demands and job control, whereas such trends were weaker among those who remained in nonleadership positions. Findings from three additional samples generally demonstrated that leadership role occupancy was indirectly related to various indices of psychological and physiological well‐being through job demands and job control. Because the signs of the indirect effects through job demands and job control differed in expected ways, the overall relationship between leadership role occupancy and the well‐being outcomes was generally small and nonsignificant. We discuss research and practical implications of our framework and findings for organizations, employees, and leaders.     

Photogeneration of hydroxyl radical in Fe(III)-citrate-oxalate system for the degradation of fluconazole: mechanism and products

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The photochemical role of Fe(III)-citrate complex is significant in natural waters due to its ubiquitous existence and excellent photoreactivity at...     

露天矿土-岩复合边坡形态优化设计

合理设计采场及排土场边坡角是优化露天开采境界、保证露天矿安全生产、提高露天矿经济效益的重要前提。针对土-岩复合边坡这一类复杂特殊的边坡,以宝日希勒露天煤矿二采区西帮边坡为工程背景,应用刚体极限平衡软件定量分析了二采区西帮采场边坡及内排土场边坡的潜在滑坡模式;优化设计了二采区西帮1-2煤底板以上内排边坡形态及1-2煤至3煤之间采场边坡形态;确定了二采区西帮采场与排土场之间的安全距离。采用有限差分数值模拟软件FLAC~(3D),基于强度折减理论,对土-岩复合边坡稳定性进行了数值模拟,揭示了二采区西帮土-岩复合边坡的变形破坏机理及其稳定性。结果表明:宝日希勒露天煤矿二采区西帮土-岩复合边坡滑移模式及稳定性主要受采场与排土场之间的安全距离和3煤顶底板弱层控制;边坡形态优化后1-2煤底板以上内排边坡角为12°,1-2煤至3煤之间采场边坡角为22°,采场与排土场之间的安全距离为120 m,土-岩复合边坡整体边坡角为13°。     

楼梯间电动车火灾数值模拟研究

楼梯井电动车火灾呈典型的烟囱效应现象,短暂燃烧,浓烟迅猛,往往危害很大。模拟结合全尺寸实验结果,基于FDS软件对电动车在楼梯井内燃烧进行动态仿真,相关数据进行对比分析。研究结果表明:物理实验数据与数值模拟数据比较吻合,楼梯间平均温度370℃左右,最高温度超过1 000℃,楼梯间浓烟毒性很大;火焰卷吸处上方的无量纲温度随楼梯井竖直高度的增加而减小,同一区域的近墙处温度较高;火灾后期在喷淋作用下,CO浓度在火灾熄灭阶段有所增加。     

新型空化器及其在污泥细胞破解中的应用

研究开发了一种新型空化器用来破解剩余污泥,它具备通气调节和孔板旋转的功能。这样的设计可以防止堵塞和节约能耗。该空化器工作时可以产生直径2~5μm的"气核",从而提高空化初生的空化数,降低能耗。孔板旋转产生的轴向推力可使小孔中的堵塞物脱落,有效防止小孔堵塞。在实验室内应用该装置破解剩余污泥的生物细胞,并通过测定细胞内可溶性COD的溶出率来评价污泥破解效果。研究制造了空化作用破解污泥细胞系统,该系统可以利用新型空化器连续处理剩余污泥,并且可以根据研究需要改变通气比和调节管道流速等运行工况。在实验室内应用该系统破解剩余污泥生物细胞,通过调整通气比和管道流速,探索最优运行工况。根据正交试验结果,系统运行的最优工况为通气比1.4%、空化数1.8,此时可溶性COD(SCOD)的溶出速率为0.06%/s。在最优运行工况下,破解1 kg剩余污泥的功率为560 W,采用该系统处理30 min后,95%以上的污泥生物细胞可被破解。按处理时间30 min计算,处理1 m3剩余污泥的耗能约1 000 MJ,比超声空化法低40%左右。该系统还具有装置简单、无二次污染等优点,可为污泥细胞破解提供更为经济、有效的技术和方法。     

O_3-H_2O_2催化氧化技术深度处理石化含盐废水

采用O_3-H_2O_2-催化剂氧化体系对某石化企业含盐废水的二级生化出水进行处理,考察了不同反应体系下的反应时间、O_3流量、H_2O_2投加量对COD去除效果的影响。实验结果表明:O_3-H_2O_2-催化剂氧化体系对石化含盐废水的处理效果最好;在臭氧流量为40 m L/min、H_2O_2投加量为50 mg/L、催化剂投加量为300 g/L、反应时间为60 min的条件下,COD去除率为51.4%,出水COD为52.0 mg/L,达到GB31570—2015《石油炼制工业污染物排放标准》的要求。     

海拔对高压电器设备空气间隙放电性能的影响研究

基于大型高海拔环境模拟试验室,通过控制海拔、温度和湿度三个参数,使用带状铜母线和镀锌钢板组成的试验装置,来进行海拔高度对高压电器设备空气间隙放电性能试验研究。通过试验数据分析,总结海拔高度对高压电器设备空气间隙放电性能的影响规律,对高压电器设备制造及相关标准规范制定提供数据支持。     

基于广义马尔可夫过程的多部件并联可修复系统稳态可用度分析

基于广义马尔可夫过程的可修复系统可用度解析表达式求解较难。因此,值得探索,本文所研究的并联可修复系统由n个同型部件构成,且部件平均故障间隔时间分布服从指数分布,故障后修复时间分布服从一般连续型分布。运用补充变量法,建立基于广义马尔可夫过程的可修复系统可用度计算模型,得到系统的偏微分-积分方程组,经过拉普拉斯变换,得到系统可用度稳态解析表达式。     

提高自动监控运维管理质量的若干思考

针对排污企业在线自动监控系统管理存在主体责任履行不到位,第三方运维企业人员流动性大且技术素质参差不齐等问题,对照污染源自动监控系统相关法律法规和标准,结合多年的污染源自动监控系统监督核查管理经验,提出排污企业应尽量安装同一品牌同一型号的自动监控设施、建立针对第三方的监督考核机制,运维企业应制定长期有效的管理机制、建立自动监控设施运行动态管理台账等建议,以提升企业自动监控系统管理水平,确保自动监控数据真实、合法、有效,为企业生态环境管理决策提供有力支持。     

Characterization on the toxic mechanism of two fluoroquinolones to trypsin by spectroscopic and computational methods

Abstract

Ciprofloxacin (CPFX) and enrofloxacin (ENFX), two of the most widely used fluoroquinolones (FQs), pose a great threat to humans and the ecosystem. In this study, the toxic mechanisms between the two FQs and trypsin were evaluated by means of multiple spectroscopic methods, as well as molecular docking. During the fluorescence investigations, both FQs quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of trypsin effectively, which was due to the formation of moderately strong complexes (mainly through van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds). The binding of two FQs not only caused the conformational and micro-environmental changes of trypsin, but also changed its molecular activity; shown by the UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, and functional tests. The established methods in this work can help to comprehensively understand the transport of FQs in the human body.