改造滤岸对城市降雨径流中氮磷去除的中试研究

选择煤渣、锯末、沸石、麦饭石、土壤和马尼拉草构建了城市河岸带改造滤岸中试模型,并对其去除城市降雨径流中氮磷污染物能力进行了研究.结果表明,改造滤岸对表面径流和下渗径流中NH4+-N和TP具有良好的净化效果和较强的去除能力;NH4+-N平均去除率分别为66.5％和83.7％,TP平均去除率分别为42.6％和96.2％,出水水质分别可达国家地表水Ⅳ类和Ⅲ类水标准,模型稳定后对表层径流和下渗径流中TN的去除率可达20％左右;模型对NH4+-N、TN和TP的处理负荷分别为634.1～1114.5 mg-m-2·h-1、102.2 ～594.2mg· m-2·h-1和20.6～ 209.0 mg·m-2· h-1,表面径流大于下渗径流.模型内碳源(锯末)以及其他介质的添加虽然能够提高氮的转化能力,但也会影响模型对TN的去除率;下凹断面和末端断面对氮磷的去除率和去除负荷间存在一定的差异,但随着模型的稳定其差异逐渐降低.模型对氮磷的处理负荷与入水氮磷浓度呈显著正相关,说明模型具有一定的抗冲击能力.     

Fe0/荧光假单胞菌联合处理直接耐晒黑的脱色特性

采用荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescen,简称pf菌)与Fe0微粒构建Fe0/pf菌联合体系,处理了含偶氮类染料-直接耐晒黑(C.I.Direct black 19,简称DB19)废水.在中温((35±2)℃)条件下,比较了纯pf菌、纯Fe0微粒和Fe0/pf菌联合体系的脱色能力,并探讨了联合体系中供氧条件、初始pH值、Fe0投加量和染料初始浓度等因素对DB19脱色的影响.结果表明,在微需氧、菌接种量为5％(体积比)的条件下,染料初始浓度为100 mg·L-1、初始pH =7.0、Fe0投加量为500 mg·L-1时,联合体系内脱氢酶活性最高,处理约30 h后可实现90％以上的脱色率;与纯pf菌比较,Fe0/pf菌联合体系达到该脱色率的时间可提前约40 h.UV-vis和FT-IR光谱分析表明,联合体系中DB19染料的脱色过程是通过偶氮键断裂来实现的,而且部分含苯环或萘环结构的中间产物也可被降解.     

电磁炉电磁辐射水平调查

采用电磁辐射分析仪PMM8053B,按照《对人体暴露于家用及类似用途电器电磁场的测量方法》（EN62233：2008）监测标准,对市场上部分电磁炉的电磁辐射水平进行监测,结果显示：电磁炉的电场强度最高达106．04V/m,磁感应强度最高达69．03μT,超过EN62233的限值规定,并使电磁炉周围的环境电磁辐射水平明显升高。建议进一步开展电磁炉电磁辐射的系统研究,制定有关环保标准和管理体制,将电磁炉纳入电磁辐射法定监管范畴。     

废物管理活动中N_2O产生及排放研究进展

N_2O是一种重要的温室气体,并且对臭氧层有严重的破坏作用,因而在全球气候变化研究中受到广泛关注。随着人类活动的加剧,全球废物排放量呈上升趋势,且废物管理活动中产生的N_2O显著增加了全球温室气体的排放。废物管理活动中N_2O排放源主要包括废水处理、动物粪肥管理及生活垃圾处理处置系统。目前对废物管理活动中N_2O排放缺乏全面认识,文章综述了废物管理活动中N_2O排放机理及产生规律,指出应加强废物管理活动中N_2O减量化方向的研究。     

秦岭输水隧洞施工期废水水质评价及工艺研究

依据前期对施工废水水质的连续监测和分析检测结果,针对秦岭输水隧洞施工期废水水量较大、高SS等特点,基于水质矩阵分析原理,以废水处理后安全外排为约束,对各污染物进行权重分析,得出污染物对环境影响由高到低依次是SS、COD、Fe、NH3-N、TN、石油类。结果表明SS是制约隧洞施工废水安全外排的控制因子。根据废水污染物的构成,提出了以"混凝+沉淀+锰砂过滤+吸附"为核心的处理工艺,并用施工现场采集的废水以及人工模拟废水进行了实验室静态实验。结果表明,该处理工艺对悬浮物去除率达90%以上,对COD去除率约85%,对氨氮去除率约60%。处理后水质均能满足《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)中Ⅱ类水体指标。     

The air pollution effect of government economic growth expectations: evidence from China’s cities based on green technology

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Based on the Government Work Report of 265 prefecture-level cities in China from 2004 to 2015, this article combines economic growth expectations data...     

Response of sulfhydryl compounds in subcells of Cladophora rupestris under Pb stress

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study aimed to determine the role of sulfhydryl compounds in the subcells of C. rupestris under Pb stress. Different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0,...     

Combined pollution of arsenic and Polymyxin B enhanced arsenic toxicity and enriched ARG abundance in soil and earthworm gut microbiotas

Polymyxin B (PMB) is considered as the last line of antibiotic defense available to humans. The environmental effects of the combined pollution with PMB and heavy metals and their interaction mechanisms are unclear. We explored the effects of the combined pollution with PMB and arsenic (As) on the microbial composition of the soil and in the earthworm gut, as well as the spread and transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The results showed that, compared with As alone, the combined addition of PMB and As could significantly increase the bioaccumulation factor and toxicity of As in earthworm tissues by 12.1% and 16.0%, respectively. PMB treatment could significantly increase the abundance of Actinobacteria in the earthworm gut (from 35.6% to 45.2%), and As stress could significantly increase the abundance of Proteobacteria (from 19.8% to 56.9%). PMB and As stress both could significantly increase the abundance of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), which were positively correlated, indicating that ARGs might be horizontally transferred. The inactivation of antibiotics was the main resistance mechanism that microbes use to resist PMB and As stress. Network analysis showed that PMB and As might have antagonistic effects through competition with multi-drug resistant ARGs. The combined pollution by PMB and As significantly promoted the relative abundance of microbes carrying multi-drug resistant ARGs and MGEs, thereby increasing the risk of transmission of ARGs. This research advances the understanding of the interaction mechanism between antibiotics and heavy metals and provides new theoretical guidance for the environmental risk assessment and combined pollution management.     

考虑车辆类型变化的中国乘用车排放特征

通过引入Lotka-Volterra模型预测了中国未来30年的乘用车竞争趋势;通过引入CHG、VOC、CO、SO₂、PM_2.5、NO_x6类污染物更新了全生命周期清单;并据此建立了政策影响模型和敏感性模型评估电动化、轻量化和清洁化政策情景减排效果.结果表明,乘用车市场的主要竞争力来源于新能源与传统能源的竞争,且纯电动与混合动力乘用车呈S型曲线发展,汽油乘用车占比由92%减少到1%;全生命周期中,纯电动乘用车对CHG、VOC、CO减排效益最优,为20%~85%;汽油与天然气乘用车对SO₂和PM_2.5的减排效益最优,为50.0%;3类情景下税收补贴类政策敏感性最强,CHG、VOC和CO的最优减排情景为电气化情景,PM_2.5、NO_x的最优减排情景为清洁化情景,而SO₂的最优减排情景则为整车轻量化.     

“三生空间”统筹的科学基础与优化途径探析

党的十八大提出了将优化国土空间开发格局作为生态文明建设的首要举措,以及“促进生产空间集约高效、生活空间宜居适度、生态空间山清水秀”的目标要求。通过文献调研和总结归纳法,系统梳理了“三生空间”统筹优化的研究进展。总结发现,现有工作主要从国土空间利用质量、土地利用适宜性评价、资源环境承载力与比较优势等角度开展了“三生空间”统筹优化研究。但由于对“三生空间”科学内涵的认识不足、定量识别方法与分类体系的构建不完善,目前“三生空间”统筹优化的技术途径存在诸多问题尚待明晰。未来“三生空间”统筹优化的技术途径应以美丽中国建设愿景为目标导向,以人地耦合系统理论为核心,系统构建识别与优化国土空间的理论体系与技术框架。