Comparisons of carbon storages in Cunninghamia lanceolata and Michelia macclurei plantations during a 22-year period in southern China

Tree species composition was important for carbon storage within the same climate range.To quantify the dynamics of ecosystem carbon allocation as affected by different tree species,we measured the above- and belowground biomass accumulation in 22 years,as well as the tissue carbon concentrations of trees in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation and Michelia macclurei plantation.Results indicated that M.macclurei plantation stored significantly more carbon (174.8 tons/hm2) than C.lanceolata plantation (154.3 tons/hm2).Most of the carbon was found in the soil pool (57.1% in M.macclurei plantation,55.2% in C.lanceolata plantation).Tree and soil component of M.macclurei plantation possessed significantly higher carbon storage than that of the C.lanceolata plantation (p<0.05).No significant difference was found in the carbon storage of understory and forest floor.These results suggest that the broadleaved species (M.macclurei) possesses greater carbon sequestration potential than the coniferous species (C.lanceolata) in southern China.     

白腐真菌细胞色素P450的诱导及检测方法研究

以CO结合差光谱为基本检测法,研究了白腐真菌黄孢原毛平革菌中细胞色素P450的诱导和适宜的分离检测方法.结果表明,正己烷对该真菌P450有显著的诱导作用,P450诱导量受正己烷浓度和诱导时间的影响,每小时投加正己烷2μL/mL、诱导6 h可使该真菌微粒体P450比浓度高达140~160 pmol/mg.在此基础上,本研究优化了分离P450时破碎细胞的方法以及光谱法检测P450的条件.破碎细胞时,采用高速分散结合玻璃研磨,比采用玻璃研磨、超声破碎和珠磨等方法分离的微粒体P450含量高1~5倍,是更为适宜的破碎方法.检测CO结合差光谱时,通气和还原条件对P450检测值有显著影响,较适宜的条件为:样品池和对照池分别通入等量的CO和N2,通气流量为3 mL/min(300μL样本),通气时间40 s;通气后投加还原剂低亚硫酸钠,投加浓度为0.4 mol/L.     

基于贝叶斯网络的我国电网安全风险关联分析

为了有效识别电网运行的关键风险要素,基于典型电网企业2014-2019年代表性事故案例,采用贝叶斯网络的机器学习方法分别构建了电网事故、设备事故及人身事故致因的贝叶斯网络模型,分析各风险因素对事故的影响程度并反向诊断事故发生的关键诱因.结果表明:1)3种贝叶斯网络模型预测精度分别达到87.85％、89.24％、96.88％;2)不同类型事故的关键风险因素存在差异,但人因仍是主要致因.电网事故的关键影响因素为巡检不到位、检修质量不良和验收不合格;设备事故的关键风险因素为处理不当、巡检不到位和施工质量不良;人身事故的关键风险因素为安全意识缺乏、施工质量不良、监护不到位和验收不合格.最后,对电网系统安全运行提出了针对性建议.     

虎符牌在海外核电工程安全调试作业中的创新应用

为消除和降低海外核电工程调试作业因语言及沟通障碍、作业人员安全意识参差不齐等方面带来的安全风险,在常规的上锁挂牌、两票三制等管理制度的基础上,基于古代虎符思想,结合二进制编码的唯一性和易辨识性,创新性地开发和应用一项更可靠、更有效的辅助手段——"调试虎符牌";调试虎符牌在K-2/K-3项目的创新应用,取得自开工以来无重伤及以上生产安全事故2700多天的良好绩效.结果表明:调试虎符牌的应用能够显著提升调试作业的本质安全.调试虎符牌在海外核电工程调试作业中的创新应用能为国内外其他电力项目提供经验借鉴.     

Meat products and soil pollution caused by livestock and poultry feed additive in Liaoning,China

Contents of copper and zinc in feed, manure, meat of livestock and poultry, and soil applied with manure in Liaoning, China were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The average contents of copper in chicken and pork were exceed the maximum limit values provides by Chinese standard GB15199-94. The application of pig and chicken manure has led to a certainty extend pollution of copper and zinc in soil, which becomes severity in the release of heavy metals in plantation.     

测定水中氰化物影响条件的实验研究

异烟酸一吡唑啉酮分光光度法在实际应用中稳定性较差,通过对显色反应条件的试验,以及对其他影响因素的分析,探索测定了反应的最佳条件。     

环境管理手段体系研究

社会经济的快速发展和环境保护的日趋重要,要求环境保护与社会经济协调发展。科学有效地应用环境管理手段,是促进协调发展的有效途径之一。为了促进环境管理手段作用的有效发挥,完善环境管理,在分析现有的5种环境管理手段的基础上,提出了环境管理参与手段和环境管理投资手段,并对这两个新的手段的必要性和内容做了分析。通过对环境管理手段关系的论述,构建了环境管理手段体系,对环境管理手段体系的目标、架构、作用和内容进行了分析论述,并研究了环境管理手段的选择与实施方法。     

Nitrification characteristics of nitrobacteria immobilized in waterborne polyurethane in wastewater of corn-based ethanol fuel production

A technology to achieve stable and high ammonia nitrogen removal rates for corn distillery wastewater (ethanol fuel production) treatment has been designed. The characteristics of nitrifying bacteria entrapped in a waterborne polyurethane (WPU) gel carrier were evaluated after acclimation. In the acclimation period, nitrification rates of WPU-immobilized nitrobacteria were monitored and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also carried out to investigate the change in ammonium-oxidizing bacteria. The results showed that the pellet nitrification rates increased from 21 to 228 mg-N/(L-pellet. hr) and the quantity of the ammonia oxidation bacteria increased substantially during the acclimation. A continuous ammonia removal experiment with the anaerobic pond effluent of a distillery wastewater system was conducted with immobilized nitrifying bacteria for 30 days using an 80 L airlift reactor with pellets at a fill ratio of 15% (V/V). Under the conditions of 75 mg/L influent ammonia, hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3.7--5.6 hr, and dissolved oxygen (DO) of 4 mg/L, the effluent ammonia concentration was lower than 10 mg/L and the ammonia removal efficiency was 90%. While the highest ammonia removal rate, 162 mg-N/(L-pellet.hr), was observed when the HRT was 1.3 hr.     

Effect of solid contents on the controlled shear stress rheological properties of different types of sludge

Controlled shear stress (CSS) test was used to study the effect of solid contents on the corresponding rheological parameters for sludge. Three types of sludge with or without conditioning, including activated sludge (AS), anaerobic digested sludge (ADS), and water treatment residuals (WTRs), were collected for the CSS test. Results showed that the yield stress and the cohesion energy of the sludge networks were improved with increased total suspending solid (TSS) contents in most cases. For the conditioned AS/ADS and the raw WTRs, exponential law was observed in the relationships between cohesion energy of material networks or yield stress and the TSS contents, whereas for the conditioned WTRs, only exponential law dependence was found between the parameters of shear modulus or critical strain and the TSS contents.     

南方城市餐饮业垃圾特性调查及处理对策分析

针对目前南方餐饮业垃圾产生量大、污染严重、缺乏合理处理处置技术的现状,选择杭州作为南方城市的典型代表,研究了三类餐饮业垃圾（中餐饭馆、中餐食堂和西餐餐饮点）四季的成分变化特征,探讨了各特性指标对处理处置技术的影响,并根据指标特性对餐饮业垃圾的各种处理处置方法进行了评价．结果表明,南方城市餐饮业垃圾含水率可达60％以上,...