负载型催化剂光催化氧化五氯苯酚钠的效果

研究以TiO₂ 为基本活性组分、空心玻璃珠为载体、硅酸钠为粘合剂的负载型催化剂的制备技术 .选取五氯苯酚钠 (PCP-Na)为处理对象 ,结合对催化剂比表面和晶型结构的表征 ,对制备的催化剂进行筛选评价 .实验结果表明 :在适当的条件下 (二氧化钛、空心玻璃珠、40%硅酸钠溶液重量比为 4∶20∶2,650℃下烧 3h)所制备的C3型催化剂不仅光催化活性高 ,且负载牢固 ,易与水分离 .对初始COD_Cr=400mg·L^-1,PCP-Na=10mg·L^-1的反应液 ,在光照强度为 30kW·m^-2下 2hCOD_Cr去除率大于 65% ,PCP-Na去除率大于 92%.试验进一步探讨C3型催化剂投加量、反应液初始浓度、供氧量对催化反应的影响 .     

分层式潜流人工湿地水力学特性数值模拟与分析

人工湿地水力学特征对其污染物去除过程有重要影响.采用计算流体力学软件FLUENT中的多孔介质模型对分层式潜流人工湿地内部的流场进行模拟,并分析了不同进出口位置对湿地水力学行为的影响.模拟结果表明,分层式潜流人工湿地基质层内部速度分布的差异较大,水流多从进口端的左半部汇人下部砾石层以大于3.69×10-4m/s的速度出流...     

植物-微生物修复石油烃污染土壤与根际微生态环境变化

石油烃作为一类持久性难降解有机污染物对土壤环境质量产生严重的危害。以天津大港油田原油污染土壤中筛选出的耐低温高效石油烃降解菌为靶细胞,以小麦、紫花苜蓿作为供试植物,利用盆栽试验,对植物-外源菌协同修复体系中的脱氢酶活性和土壤微生物多样性进行研究,分析其变化及其与石油烃降解率的关系。结果表明植物-微生物协同修复对石油烃具有较好的降解能力,其中小麦-固定化外源菌组具有最高的降解率,石油烃含量从最初的30 600 mg獉kg-1下降为24 300 mg獉kg-1,降解率为20.6%,并且其试验后期石油烃的降解率最大,远远高于其他时期,表现出良好的修复潜力。外源菌投加的初始阶段会迅速提高脱氢酶活性,然而这种影响随着降解时间延长而逐渐减弱。初期脱氢酶活性与总石油烃的降解存在较好的相关性,脱氢酶活性可以在一定程度上表征土壤石油烃的降解情况。微生物多样性与总石油烃降解也存在一定的相关性。     

土体环境对微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积加固海相粉土的影响研究

生物地基处理技术利用微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积来加固土体,符合环境保护和可持续发展的要求,具有良好的发展前景。目前已取得的研究成果主要是针对简单离子化学环境下的松散砂土,对不同环境下的细粒土研究的较少。以江苏东部沿海地区的海相吹填粉土为研究对象,选用巴氏芽孢杆菌进行微生物注浆试验,定量分析温度、pH值、氯化盐含量、土体中胶结阳离子含量等土中的环境因素对加固效果的影响规律。结果表明:随着温度的升高、试样中生成的碳酸钙增加,但无侧限抗压强度并不是呈现出一直提高的趋势,而是存在一个峰值。偏碱性的环境有利于巴氏芽孢杆菌的工作,但过高的pH值会影响加固效果。土中的氯化盐含量过高时会抑制细菌的活性从而对加固产生不利影响。土中的胶结阳离子含量对微生物注浆的影响很小,可忽略不计。本次试验研究结果能为现场环境下采用MICP技术加固粉土提供有效的依据。     

超声波内环流气升式反应器去除水中苯酚的研究

研究了超声波内环流气升式反应器用于去除水中苯酚的效果与性能。探讨了反应器的表观气速、介质温度对超声-H2O2与超声-H2O2-CuO两种体系对苯酚去除效果的影响。试验结果表明,超声-H2O2-CuO体系对苯酚的去除效果优于超声-H2O2体系,且更能发挥超声与气升式反应器具有流化效果的协同作用。在处理液体积为1000mL、苯酚初始质量浓度为25mg／L、CuO加量为1mg／mL、H2O2加量为300mg／L、声强为4．97w／cm。的条件下,两种体系苯酚的去除率均随反应器的表观气速减小而增大;介质温度从20℃上升到50℃时,超声-H2O2体系苯酚去除率随着温度升高而降低,而超声-H2O2-CuO体系苯酚去除率随着温度升高而增大;反应器中超声-H2O2与超声-H2O2-CuO体系对苯酚的去除过程均符合拟一级反应。     

TiO2光催化-微滤膜分离深度净化亚甲基蓝印染废水

采用悬浮式TiO2光催化膜反应器深度净化纺织工业园区含亚甲基蓝印染废水经生物处理二级出水,利用中空纤维微滤膜进行催化剂截留分离,研究催化剂投加量、运行时间、溶解氧、搅拌方式对出水水质及膜通量的影响。结果表明:光催化会消耗体系溶解氧,鼓风曝气搅拌可同时为系统供氧,优于机械搅拌;该耦合体系的催化剂最佳投加量为1 g/L,经光催化氧化-膜组合工艺处理后水质优于GB 4287-1992《纺织染整工业污染物排放标准》的I级标准,符合建设部颁布的《生活杂用水水质标准》(CJ/T 48-1999)。     

Variation characteristics and ecological risk of heavy metals in the south Yellow Sea surface sediments

Eight cruises were conducted on the south Yellow Sea (SYS) from 1998 to 2005. Variations and the potential ecological risk of heavy metals were studied using the survey data collected during October 2003. The metal content (except for As) was high in the central area where the fine grain size sediments were dominant, and low inshore area where more coarse sediments were present. This suggested that grain size was important in determining distributions of heavy metals. In some local areas, other influencing factors, such as organic content, sedimentation rate, burial efficiency and metal's existing form were discussed. The annual averages of metals showed a stable trend with appreciable fluctuations in 8 years. Using potential ecological risk index (E (RI)) to evaluate the integrated pollution effect of heavy metals, 38.7% of the investigated area was in a moderate degree of contamination, while 77.8% was under moderate ecological risk. However, no distinct correlation was found between E (RI) and plankton biomass. In conclusion, the sediment quality of SYS was good, and the ecological risk was low in general.     

Similarities and differences of metal distributions in the tissues of molluscs by using multivariate analyses

Multivariate analysis including correlation, multiple stepwise linear regression, and cluster analyses were applied to investigate the heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the different parts of bivalves and gastropods. It was also aimed to distinguish statistically the differences between the marine bivalves and the gastropods with regards to the accumulation of heavy metals in the different tissues. The different parts of four species of bivalves and four species of gastropods were obtained and analyzed for heavy metals. The multivariate analyses were then applied on the data. From the multivariate analyses conducted, there were correlations found between the soft tissues of bivalves and gastropods, but none was found between the shells and the soft tissues of most of the molluscs (except for Cerithidea obtusa and Puglina cochlidium). The significant correlations (P < 0.05) found between the soft tissues were further complemented by the multiple stepwise linear regressions where heavy metals in the total soft tissues were influenced by the accumulation in the different types of soft tissues. The present study found that the distributions of heavy metals in the different parts of molluscs were related to their feeding habits and living habitats. The statistical approaches proposed in this study are recommended for use in biomonitoring studies, since multivariate analyses can reduce the cost and time involved in identifying an effective tissue to monitor the heavy metal(s) bioavailability and contamination in tropical coastal waters.     

NKA—Ⅱ大孔吸附树脂吸附高浓度苯胺溶液的试验研究

本文利用ＮＫＡ－Ⅱ大孔吸附树脂对高浓度苯胺溶液进行了静态吸附试验,希望利用大孔吸附树脂从化工废水中回收苯胺。     

我国环境费效分析方法的特点与应用潜力研究

为全面分析环境费效分析方法发展现状,本文在总结国内外研究进展的基础上,对环境领域费效分析方法的特点进行了系统梳理,并指出了费效分析方法未来的应用前景。总体来看,环境费效分析具有内容广泛性、时空异质性、动态变化性并与社会经济发展阶段密切相关的特点。现阶段,针对环境管理工作,应尽快建立一套包括传统费效、风险感知、生态补偿等在内的多尺度动态反馈的环境费效评估的标准模型,并进一步将环境费效分析纳入我国政府决策体系中。