城市降雨径流污染模拟的水质参数局部灵敏度分析

在城市降雨径流污染模拟研究中,参数灵敏度分析是进行模型率定和验证的必要研究环节,同时也是理解非点源污染产生和变化过程及进行城市降雨径流污染管理的重要参考.运用修正的摩尔斯分类筛选法(Morris screening method)对暴雨管理模型(Storm Water Management Model,简称SWMM)的水质参数进行局部灵敏度分析.研究结果显示,占区域比例较大的不透水地表的累积和冲刷参数灵敏度较高;在强降雨过程中,降雨中污染物浓度的灵敏度较高.研究表明,对占区域比例较大的不透水地表的累积和冲刷参数进行仔细识别,对于非点源污染模型的验证具有重要意义;强降雨时雨水本底浓度的测量误差会影响降雨径流污染模拟的准确度.     

土壤中铜的形态及其转化

本文报告了使用连续提取方法研究加铜培育的黄棕壤、水稻土、红壤、砖红壤中铜的形态,并初步考察了土壤酸度、氧化还原状况等因素对铜形态的影响,对铜在不同矿物之间结合形态的转化进行了模拟。     

附着态半导体光催化剂光解可溶性染料的研究

以３００Ｗ中压汞灯和日光为光源，研究了将ＴｉＯ２等半导体粉末附着在海砂和玻璃表面对直接耐晒大红４ＢＳ（下简称４ＢＳ）、活性黑ＫＮ－Ｂ（下简称ＫＮ－Ｂ）和亚甲基蓝（下简称ＭＢ）水溶液的催化光解。结果表明：几种染料均显光解；光解为一级动力学反应；附着复合的ＴｉＯ２－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、ＴｉＯ２－ＷＯ３比附着单一的ＴｉＯ２光催化效果好；附着态ＴｉＯ２重复使用１５次（每次８ｈ）后催化能力降低１７．９％。以基态电     

渤海海域环境现状及保护对策

根据沿海地区陆源污染调查材料,评价了渤海海域的环境质量现状,指出了渤海近岸海域污染严重,生态受到影响,离岸深水海域水质尚好。进而分析了其污染原因,提出了保护渤海环境的对策。      

Removal of Ni(II) from strongly acidic wastewater by chelating precipitation and recovery of NiO from the precipitates

Strongly acidic wastewater produced in nonferrous metal smelting industries often contains high concentrations of Ni(II), which is a valuable metal. In this study, the precipitation of Ni(II) from strongly acidic wastewater using sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) as the precipitant was evaluated. The effects of various factors on precipitation were investigated, and the precipitation mechanism was also identified. Finally, the nickel in the precipitates was recovered following a pyrometallurgical method. The results show that, under optimised conditions (DDTC:Ni(II) molar ratio = 4:1; temperature = 25 °C), the Ni(II) removal efficiency reached 99.3% after 10 min. In strongly acidic wastewater, the dithiocarbamate group of DDTC can react with Ni(II) to form DDTCNi precipitates. Further recovery experiments revealed that high-purity NiO can be obtained by the calcination of DDTCNi precipitates, with the nickel recovery efficiency reaching 98.2%. The gas released during the calcination process was composed of NO₂, CS₂, H₂O, CO₂, and SO₂. These results provide a basis for an effective Ni(II) recovery method from strongly acidic wastewater.     

Strong enhancement of methylene blue removal from binary wastewater by in-situ ferrite process

Dye wastewater containing heavy metal ions is a common industrial effluent with complex physicochemical properties.The treatment of metal–dye binary wastewater is difficult.In this work,a novel in-situ ferrite process(IFP) was applied to treat Methylene Blue(MB)–Cu(II)binary wastewater,and the operational parameters were optimized for MB removal.Results showed that the optimum operating conditions were OH/M of 1.72,Cu~(2+)/Fe~(2+)ratio of 1/2.5,reaction time of 90 min,aeration intensity of 320 mL/min,and reaction temperature of40°C.Moreover,the presence of Ca~(2+)and Mg~(2+)moderately influenced the MB removal.Physical characterization results indicated that the precipitates yielded in IFP presented high surface area(232.50 m2/g) and a multi-porous structure.Based on the Langmuir model,the maximum adsorption capacity toward MB was 347.82 mg/g for the precipitates produced in IFP,which outperformed most other adsorbents.Furthermore,IFP rapidly sequestered MB with removal efficiency 5 to 10 times greater than that by general ferrite adsorption,which suggested a strong enhancement of MB removal by IFP.The MB removal process by IFP showed two different high removal stages,each with a corresponding removal mechanism.In the first brief stage(5 min),the initial high MB removal(~95%)was achieved by predominantly electrostatic interactions.Then the sweep effect and encapsulation were dominant in the second longer stage.     

超声波内环流气升式反应器去除水中苯酚的研究

研究了超声波内环流气升式反应器用于去除水中苯酚的效果与性能。探讨了反应器的表观气速、介质温度对超声-H2O2与超声-H2O2-CuO两种体系对苯酚去除效果的影响。试验结果表明,超声-H2O2-CuO体系对苯酚的去除效果优于超声-H2O2体系,且更能发挥超声与气升式反应器具有流化效果的协同作用。在处理液体积为1000mL、苯酚初始质量浓度为25mg／L、CuO加量为1mg／mL、H2O2加量为300mg／L、声强为4．97w／cm。的条件下,两种体系苯酚的去除率均随反应器的表观气速减小而增大;介质温度从20℃上升到50℃时,超声-H2O2体系苯酚去除率随着温度升高而降低,而超声-H2O2-CuO体系苯酚去除率随着温度升高而增大;反应器中超声-H2O2与超声-H2O2-CuO体系对苯酚的去除过程均符合拟一级反应。     

中国环境管理干部学院院训的内涵与作用分析

1987年曲格平同志为中国环境管理干部学院（以下简称学院）提出＂团结、严谨、求实、创新＂的院训,其中团结是前提,严谨是基础,求实是关键,创新是灵魂。20多年来,全院师生员工践行院训精神,加强团结,严谨治学,求实进取,开拓创新,促进了学院的建设与发展,培养了大批人才,积累了丰硕的教学科研成果。     

胶州市农村地区地下水水质现状评价及保护措施

对胶州市农村地区地下水水质进行了监测分析,根据分析结果,利用单因子评价法和综合指数评价法,评价胶州市地下水污染程度。从评价结果可以看出,马店镇等乡镇水质较好,属清洁级;里岔镇等乡镇水质属轻污染级。通过查找原因,发现水质污染主要由农业面源、生活污水和畜禽养殖粪便所致,据此提出了建立污水集中处理厂,规范农村畜禽养殖行业和发展绿色农业等建议。     

不同混凝剂对污泥脱水性能的影响研究

采用无机和有机混凝剂对污泥进行调理,通过测定污泥比阻、Zeta电位以及污泥上清液中蛋白质、多糖和DNA含量,同时结合污泥上清液的三维荧光光谱分析,研究了不同混凝剂及其投加量对污泥脱水性能的影响.结果表明:当聚合氯化铝(PAC)、高效聚合氯化铝(HPAC)和氯化铁(FeCl3)的投加量在干污泥量的10%附近时,污泥比阻值最小,同时三维荧光强度值也最小,Zeta电位以及上清液中蛋白质、多糖和DNA的含量基本趋于稳定.无机混凝剂与有机混凝剂联合作用调理污泥后其脱水效果明显优于单一混凝剂调理.有机混凝剂与无机混凝剂投加顺序对污泥脱水性能影响显著,先投加无机混凝剂再投加有机混凝剂的脱水效果最佳,研究筛选出两种混凝剂联合作用调理污泥后,其脱水效果顺序为10%PAC+0.5%PAM>10%FeCl3+0.5%PAM>10%HPAC+0.5%PAM.