Effect of natural aquatic humic substances on the photodegradation of bisphenol A

The photochemical degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) was studied in the presence of natural humic substances from different origins under simulated solar irradiation. BPA underwent insignificant direct photolysis in neutral water, but rapid photosensitized degradation in four humic substances solutions via pseudo-first-order reaction occurred. The photo-degradation rate of BPA was insensitive to the different initial BPA concentrations and was inhibited in aerated solution compared with the deoxygenated medium. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as ·OH and ¹O₂ produced from excitation of humic substances under irradiation was determined from the quenching kinetic experiment using molecular probe. The five main intermediate photoproducts of BPA in Nordic lake fulvic acid (NOFA) were tentatively identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Based on the identification of ROS and the analysis of photoproduct formation, the possible phototransformation pathways of BPA were proposed, involving the direct photolysis due to the energy transfer from the triplet state humic substance (³HS*) to BPA molecules and hydroxyl radical addition and oxidation as well. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(6): 816–820 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

吡虫啉的生物效应研究

应用不同的生物材料对新型杀虫剂的生态效应进行了研究，吡虫啉对泽蛙蝌蚪，黑斑蛙蝌蚪及青Jiang鱼的急性毒性表明，吡虫啉属于低毒农药，蚕豆根尖微核试验结果呈阴性，揭示其无致突变效应。     

水厂排泥水处理工艺方案的选择

介绍了水厂排泥水的性质、组分、脱水性能、沉降特性以及高分子絮凝剂的选择。给出了符合水厂排泥水处理要求的工艺流程方案。     

基于超临界技术的印刷线路板资源化方法研究

印刷线路板的回收由于其结构和组成材料的复杂性，被认为是电子电器产品回收中的重点和难点之一。提出了将超临界流体技术应用于废弃印刷线路板的回收工艺，研究出了一种环境友好的废弃印刷线路板回收方法。建立了回收模型及回收实验平台，并使用正交实验设计方法对实验进行设计，利用SPSS分析软件对实验数据进行了分析研究并结合实际实验结果得出了最佳工艺参数。通过对反应生成物进行质谱分析，推测出了生成物的主要组分，并据此对反应机理进行了研究。     

从降水-土壤水分-作物系统探讨黄淮海平原旱作农业和节水农业并举的前景

小麦全生育期产量随蒸散量而增加,>500mm后产量下降,经研究与实践证明,一般年份该地区水浇地小麦产量比旱地增产,黄河以北尤为突出,但旱作农业基于土壤可贮存的 1/3的雨季降水,而有一定潜力。因此,用系统的观点一方面充分利用该地区的自然降水,发挥土壤水库的贮水作用以发展旱作农业;另一方面充分利用现有水浇地节水灌溉,并通过各种有效措施,提高水分利用率。     

浅谈生物环境材料研究

采用“生物菌化”和“蛋白变性”技术处理秸秆植物（包括渣、壳、饼），加工制造可降解的环境材料。该技术具有废料再利用、清洁生产，产品无害可降解、废弃后可作为饲料和肥料的特点。     

柴达木盆地储集层中粘土矿物的分布规律及其影响因素

通过对储集层中粘土矿物类型、组合方式和横向分布规律的研究 ,探讨了影响粘土矿物形成和演化的控制因素 ,为成岩作用和粘土矿物对储集层物性的影响研究提供信息和参数     

低pH值及铝对深鳅吸收~（45）Ca的影响

为了探讨低ＰＨ和铝对水生生物的毒性或联合毒性效应，进一步研究钙缓解作用机理，用放射性核力’Ｃａ作为示踪剂，研究在低ｐＨ值及加铝条件下，泥鳅（Ｍｉｓｇｕｒｎｕｓａｎｇｕｉｌｌｉｃａｕｄａｔｕｓ）对钙离子的吸收分布情况．结果表明，生长在ｐＨ为７．１０时，４５Ｃａ在泥鳅体内各器官的９６ｈ放射性比度为：皮肤３９５３２Ｃｐｍ／ｇ，骨骼３８１１６Ｃｐｍ／ｇ，鳃２５４９５ｃｐｍ／ｇ，肌肉１６５１ｃｐｍ／ｓ；低ｐＨ（４．７０）条件下，泥鳅体内４５Ｃａ含量较正常条件下（对照组ＰＨ７．０）下降百分比为：皮肤８１．０７％，骨骼８４．４１％，鳃８０．１１％，肌肉５．８８％；在低ＰＨ值并加铝时，泥鳅体内备器官４５Ｃａ含量与对照组相比，下降百分比分别为：皮肤８９．８７％．骨骼８８．８３％，鳃８６．１７％，肌肉２６．４７％．并讨论了酸雨危害对鱼体钙代谢的可能影响．     

Use of zeolitized coal fly ash in the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate from aqueous solution

Discharge of wastewater containing nitrogen and phosphate can cause eutrophication. Therefore, the development of an efficient material for the immobilization of the nutrients is important. In this study, a low calcium fly ash and high calcium fly ash were converted into zeolite using the hydrothermal method. The removal of ammonium and phosphate that coexist in aqueous solution by the synthesized zeolites were studied. The results showed that zeolitized fly ash could efficiently eliminate ammonium and phosphate at the same time. Saturation of zeolite with Ca²⁺ rather than Na⁺ favored the removal of both ammonium and phosphate because the cation exchange reaction by the NH₄ ⁺ resulted in the release of Ca²⁺ into the solution and precipitation of Ca²⁺ with PO₄ ³⁻ followed. An increase in the temperature elevated the immobilization of phosphate whereas it abated the removal of ammonium. Nearly 60% removal efficiency for ammonium was achieved in the neutral pH range from 5.5 to 10.5, while the increase or decrease in pH out of the neutral range lowered the adsorption. In contrast, the removal of phosphate approached 100% at a pH lower than 5.0 or higher than 9.0, and less phosphate was immobilized at neutral pH. However, there was still a narrow pH range from 9.0 to 10.5 favoring the removal of both ammonium and phosphate. It was concluded that the removal of ammonium was caused by cation exchange; the contribution of NH₃ volatilization to immobilization at alkaline conditions (up to pH level of 11.4) was limited. With respect to phosphate immobilization, the mechanism was mainly the formation of precipitate as Ca₃(PO₄)₂ within the basic pH range or as FePO₄ and AlPO₄ within acidic pH range.     

炻器餐饮具的抗菌研究

以一种特种陶瓷——炻器为载体，分别用负载TiO2光催化薄膜和添加抗菌剂的方法进行炻器餐饮具的抗菌研究。结果表明，在紫外光和日光下，表面负载了TiO2膜的炻器灭菌率分别为90％和88％，均高于未负载TiO2膜的炻器，且灭菌率随光强的增加而提高。复合银盐显示了很好的杀菌效果，当釉表层银含量为0．2％时，24h内对所有细菌的灭菌率为94．6％、总大肠菌群为96．9％。复合锌盐也有一定的灭菌效果，当釉表层锌含量为1．1％时，24h内对所有细菌的灭菌率为56．8％，总大肠菌群为59．3％。但将TiO2粉末加入炻器表层的釉中，却未显示灭菌作用。对掺杂的炻器表面层成分和掺杂后Ag^＋、Zn^2＋的溶出量进行了测定，对灭菌结果和机理也进行了讨论。