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551.
Petroleum hydrocarbons and their effects on fishery species in the Bohai Sea,
North China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sisi Xu Jinming Song Huamao Yuan Xuegang Li Ning Li Liqin Duan Yu Yu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(4):553-559
Systematic studies on the changes in concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) and their e ects on fishery species in the
Bohai Sea during 1974–2004 are presented. Changes in PHs concentrations were closely related to Yellow River runo . Concentrations
of PHs accumulated in fish and shrimp increased by about 0.712 mg/kg dry weight when trophic level of fish and shrimps increased
by 1. Attention should also be paid to the high PHs concentrations in mollusks along the coastal waters of the Bohai Sea. Average
concentration of PHs in the adjacent coastal waters of Tianjin City during 1996–2005 decreased the population growth rates of fish,
crustaceans and mollusks in the Bohai Sea by 2.58%, 6.59% and 2.33%, respectively. Therefore, PHs have significantly contributed to
the decline in fisheries in the Bohai Sea, and they must be reduced to realize the sustainable fisheries. 相似文献
552.
Photosensitized degradation of bisphenol A involving reactive oxygen species in the presence of humic substances 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
The photodegradation of endocrine disrupter bisphenol A (BPA) in the presence of natural humic substances (HS) under simulated solar irradiation was studied. BPA underwent slow direct photolysis in neutral pure water, but rapid photosensitized degradation in four kinds of HS, following pseudo-first-order reaction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed from HS were determined, including OH, (1)O(2) and H(2)O(2). The enhancement of BPA degradation by adding Fe(III) was primarily attributed to the oxidation of OH produced from photo-Fenton-like reaction. And the joint effects of HS and nitrate ions coexisting on BPA degradation appeared to depend on respective concentration levels. The effects of dissolved oxygen suggested that the energy transfer between excited state of SRFA and NOFA likely occurred, while the abstraction of phenolic hydrogen atom to reactive triplet state of NOHA possibly took place. Based on the structural analyses of main intermediates and degradation products of BPA detected by GC-MS, the possible photodegradation pathways were proposed, involving the alky cleavage, alkyl oxidation and OH addition. This study gave a better understanding for the photochemical transformation of BPA induced by ROS generated from natural water composition under sunlight irradiation. 相似文献
553.
554.
555.
Determination of hydroxyl radicals with salicylic acid in aqueous nitrate and nitrite solutions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The qualitative and quantitative analyses of reactive oxygen species are essential to determine their steady-state concentration and related reaction mechanisms in environmental aquatic systems. In this study, salicylic acid was employed as an innovative molecular probe of hydroxyl radical(OH) generated in aqueous nitrate and nitrite solutions through photochemical reactions. Kinetic studies showed that the steady-state concentrations of OH in aqueous NO3^-(10 mmol/L, pH=5) and NO2^ (10 mmol/L, pH=5) solutions under ultraviolet irradiation were at a same magnitude, 10v-15 mol/L. Apparent quantum yields of OH at 313 nm were measured as 0.011 and 0.07 for NO3^- and NO2^ respectively, all comparable to the results of previous studies. 相似文献
556.
557.
滇池流域城市面源污染控制区划研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
滇池流域点源污染已逐步得到控制,面源污染成为水污染治理的重点。随着流域内城市迅速发展,城市面源污染控制将成为水环境改善的重要瓶颈。结合滇池流域城市发展规划,依据城市下垫面特征,降雨径流污染程度和距离入滇河道远近,将流域内城区划分为重点防控区、中等防控区和一般防控区,其面积百分比分别是17.9%、39.1%和43.0%;重点控制区为昆明市主城区,其次是呈贡新区,并在此基础上提出相应的防治措施。城市面源污染控制区划,对滇池流域面源污染治理具有重要意义。 相似文献
558.
559.
针对受低浓度氨氮污染的地下水,实验筛选组合了不同的反应介质,利用串联的多介质填充柱模拟渗透反应格栅,通过物理吸附及生物硝化-反硝化作用来实现氮的去除。结果表明,在进水氨氮浓度为10 mg/L、流速为0.5 m/d的条件下,模拟柱对氨氮的去除率达到98%以上,且不会出现亚硝酸盐及硝酸盐浓度的升高。水体经过释氧柱后溶解氧由2mg/L升高至10 mg/L以上,表明释氧材料可提供硝化细菌所需的好氧环境。好氧柱中填充易于生物挂膜的生物陶粒及对氨氮有较强吸附能力的沸石,二者联用通过生物硝化-物理吸附协同作用实现对氨氮的去除,其中生物作用实现的氨氮去除量占总去除量的50%左右。后续厌氧反应柱填充海绵铁除氧并利用松树皮颗粒作为碳源,创造反硝化菌生长条件,硝酸盐氮浓度可由10 mg/L降低至5 mg/L以下,实现对好氧反应阶段所产生的硝酸盐的去除,避免了地下水的二次污染。 相似文献
560.
Gregory S. Douglas Jeffery H. Hardenstine Roopa Kamath Deyuan Kong Robert E. Hoffmann Sara McMillen 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2020,30(4):27-37
Bioremediation is a proven alternative for remediating petroleum‐impacted soils at exploration and production (E&P) sites. Monitoring remediation performance can involve detection and quantification of biodegradation resistant compounds such as C3017α(H),21β(H)‐hopane, which requires the use of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (GC/MS). Due to the remoteness of many E&P sites, this technology is not always available, and alternative methods are needed to provide reliable quantitative measurements of petroleum remediation efficiency. This study provides a detailed chemical characterization of lacustrine‐sourced crude oils and a technical basis for measuring the effectiveness of bioremediation efforts for soil impacted by those crudes. We show that the novel isoprenoid hydrocarbon botryococcane is relatively stable in lacustrine‐sourced crude oils compared with C3017α(H),21β(H)‐hopane under moderate biodegradation conditions generally observed in field samples. We have also demonstrated that, due to the stability and relatively elevated concentration of botryococcane in lacustrine oils, it can be reliably measured using the more cost‐effective and available GC/FID methodology, and thereby be used to monitor the progress of ongoing soil bioremediation activities at remote sites. 相似文献