Characterization of odorous charge and photochemical reactivity of VOC emissions from a full-scale food waste treatment plant in China

Food waste treatment plants(FWTPs) are usually associated with odorous nuisance and health risks, which are partially caused by volatile organic compound(VOC) emissions. This study investigated the VOC emissions from a selected full-scale FWTP in China. The feedstock used in this plant was mainly collected from local restaurants. For a year, the FWTP was closely monitored on specific days in each season. Four major indoor treatment units of the plant, including the storage room, sorting/crushing room, hydrothermal hydrolysis unit, and aerobic fermentation unit, were chosen as the monitoring locations.The highest mean concentration of total VOC emissions was observed in the aerobic fermentation unit at 21,748.2–31,283.3 μg/m3, followed by the hydrothermal hydrolysis unit at 10,798.1–23,144.4 μg/m3. The detected VOC families included biogenic compounds(oxygenated compounds, hydrocarbons, terpenes, and organosulfur compounds) and abiogenic compounds(aromatic hydrocarbons and halocarbons). Oxygenated compounds,particularly alcohols, were the most abundant compounds in all samples. With the use of odor index analysis and principal components analysis, the hydrothermal hydrolysis and aerobic fermentation units were clearly distinguished from the pre-treatment units, as characterized by their higher contributions to odorous nuisance. Methanthiol was the dominant odorant in the hydrothermal hydrolysis unit, whereas aldehyde was the dominant odorant in the aerobic fermentation unit. Terpenes, specifically limonene, had the highest level of propylene equivalent concentration during the monitoring periods. This concentration can contribute to the increase in the atmospheric reactivity and ozone formation potential in the surrounding air.     

浅谈加强锦州市环境监测能力建设研究

分析了目前锦州市环境监测工作所面临的形势、监测能力现状及突出存在的问题.提出了以“三个说得清”为目标,统筹协调,扎实工作,在即将到来的“十三五”,明确未来五年质量控制工作重点,加强环境监测能力建设,提升影响力,充分适应社会发展要求以及科学技术的日益进步和监测技术的不断更新,切实提高综合监测能力和整体水平,细化目标责任考核细则,切实抓好“内强素质、外树形象”工作,使环境监测工作再上新台阶.     

Floating particles with high copper concentration in the sea-surface microlayer

This study sought to clarify whether suspended particles containing high Cu concentrations are present in the sea-surface microlayer (S-SML). For this reason, suspended particles (10–2000 μm) in the S-SML were collected periodically from a ship mooring pond during 2018–2020, and the acid-soluble Cu concentration in the suspended particles was measured as particulate Cu (P-Cu). The highest concentration of P-Cu in the S-SML of the pond was 75 μg L^?1 with a 90th percentile value of 2.5 μg L^?1. This is below P-Cu values reported for the S-SML in North American ports, but 140 times higher than this found in bulk seawater in the Atlantic Ocean. The highest P-Cu concentration in the S-SML of non-organism (abiotic) origin was 17 μg L^?1, and the abiotic P-Cu to P-Cu ratio varied from 0.2 to 100%, likely depending on the quality and quantity of biogenic material in the S-SML samples. It is assumed that the S-SML particles examined here contain high Cu concentrations originating from ship antifouling paints.

     

不封底PCC能量桩与传统能量桩换热效率对比研究

PCC能量桩是一种基于PCC桩的新型能量桩技术,目前针对PCC能量桩在制冷和供热过程中的换热效率及热传导特性的研究仍相对较少。基于模型试验方法,开展循环温度作用下不封底PCC能量桩、传统能量桩的温度响应测试,实测获得桩身、桩周土热响应变化规律;继而,结合数值模拟方法,对比分析进/出水温度等因素对不封底PCC能量桩换热效率的影响规律。研究结果表明,本文试验条件下,夏季制冷模式下不封底PCC能量桩的热响应略大于传统能量桩,而冬季供热模式下差异不大;相同条件下,夏季制冷模式下不封底PCC能量桩的换热效率较传统能量桩高出24%,而冬季供热模式下仅高7%。     

Population health risk via dietary exposure to trace elements (Cu,Zn, Pb,Cd, Hg,and As) in Qiqihar,Northeastern China

The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of six trace elements (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg, and As) in vegetables (leafy vegetable, i.e., bok choy, fruit vegetables, i.e., cucumber and tomato, and other categories, i.e., mushroom, kidney bean, and potato), cereals (rice and wheat flour), and meats (pork, mutton, and beef) most commonly consumed by adult inhabitants of Qiqihar, Northeastern China, were determined to assess the health status of local people. The average EDIs of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg, and As were with 20.77 μg (kg bw)^?1 day^?1 of Cu, 288 μg (kg bw)^?1 day^?1 of Zn, 2.01 μg (kg bw)^?1 day^?1 of Pb, 0.41 μg (kg bw)^?1 day^?1 of Cd, 0.01 μg (kg bw)^?1 day^?1 of Hg, and 0.52 μg (kg bw)^?1 day^?1 of As, respectively, which are below the daily allowance recommended by FAO/WHO. However, the maximum EDIs of Pb and Cd were 4.56 μg (kg bw)^?1 day^?1 and 1.68 μg (kg bw)^?1 day^?1, respectively, which are above the recommended levels [i.e., 3.58 μg (kg bw)^?1 day^?1 for Pb and 1.0 μg (kg bw)^?1 day^?1 for Cd] by FAO/WHO. This finding indicates that the potential health risk induced by daily ingestion of Pb and Cd for the local residents should receive a significant concern. Similarly, we detected elevated Pb and Cd concentrations, i.e., with average of 13.58 and 0.60 mg kg^?1 dw, respectively, in the adult scalp hairs. Consumption of rice, potato, bok choy, and wheat flour contributed to 75 and 82% of Pb and Cd daily intake from foodstuffs. Nevertheless, human scalp hair is inappropriate biological material for determination of the nutritional status of trace elements in this region.     

菌根真菌对环境污染物的降解、转化能力概述

菌根是高等植物与真菌形成的共生体，菌根真菌与许多微生物一样，也能有效的降解，转化的环境污染物，且有其自身的特点和优势。该文综合叙述了国内外在菌根真菌外在苗条奶真菌降解和转化木质素，多氯联苯，除草剂，有毒金属等环境污染物方面的研究进展，显示出菌根真菌是一大类具有较大应用潜力的，不容忽视的微生物群。     

五大连池水体中氮素分布及规律的初步研究

分析了2009年9月至2010年10月五大连池水体的总氮、氨氮、硝氮3项指标.得出水体氮素的年度变化规律及相关性,即总氮和氨氮、氨态氮与硝态氮两组指标的相关性很高,总氮与硝态氮之间相关性较弱.3种指标都是冬季明显高于其他季节,总氮在春季最低随后升高,氨态氮和硝态氮在春夏秋季均维持较低水平,且结合3者变化规律,夏季和秋季...     

浅析化工企业环境风险评价

化工企业的许多产品、中间体、原料大都属于易燃、易爆或有毒的危险品,同时由于风险事故本身的不确定性,项目的环境风险定量分析难度很大。因此,化工企业环境风险评价已经成为中国建设项目环境影响评价工作中的重点及难点。笔者结合工作实践,对化工项目环境风险评价中风险识别、源项分析、后果计算、风险评价及风险管理等方面的评价方法进行了探讨。     

氢氧化钙除河道水中磷的试验研究

用氢氧化钙去除河道水的总磷。结果表明：在先1分钟300r／min快速搅拌,后5分钟40r／min搅拌的条件下,直接投加1250mg·L^-1。氢氧化钙时,出水总磷为0．046mg·L^-1,可达到《景观娱乐用水标准》（GB12941—91）中C类标准（11P≤0．05mg·L^-1）和《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838—2002）中II类标准（TP≤0．1mg·L^-1）;在同样的反应条件下,预先调节水样pH至10,投加量达到3250mg·L^-1时,出水总磷达0．068mg·L^-1。该药剂对COD和浊度均有良好的去除效果,但对氨氮的去除效果不明显。     

紫外-微臭氧处理饮用水中有机优先污染物

城市自来水水质下降,研究开发给水深度处理技术刻不容缓。本文采用新型紫外—微臭氧工艺处理自来水中常见的三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、邻－二氯苯、对－二氯苯、1,2,4－三氯苯和六氯苯等6种优先污染物。处理结果表明,与紫外—臭氧工艺相比,本项技术作为自来水深度净化手段,具有效果基本相等,设备大幅度简化,运行费用低廉,更易于推广的优点。光化学氧化,紫外微臭氧,优先污染物,饮用水处理