城市生活垃圾堆肥对水稻生长和土壤的影响

利用城市生活垃圾堆肥作为肥料,采用水培法和土培法对水稻生长和土壤的影响进行了试验研究。结果表明,施用城市生活垃圾堆肥明显提高了水稻的生长量,增加了水稻植株茎叶中硅的含量;降低了糙米中有毒元素镉的含量;改变了土壤的酸度,增强了土壤的肥力;水稻植株和土壤中某些有害元素的含量略有增加,但远低于环境的允许值。     

城市合流污水A２/O处理系统中TTC ETS活性监测研究

研究了温度和F/M的变化对A^２/O系统TTCETS活性的影响,分析了TTCETS活性与COD降解的相关关系;通过低C/N冲击下TTCETS活性和理化指标的比较,讨论了以TTCETS活性表征系统运行状况的优劣.结果表明,一定范围内,温度与F/M均与TTCETS活性成正相关,TTCETS活性(TF/TSS·t)变化范围约13.2～48.3 mg/(g·h),最大值约为60 mg/(g·h);TTCETS活性与COD去除率相关性显著,并且TTCETS活性可预警系统的异常状态,当TTCETS活性为41.0 mg/(g·h)时,COD去除效率最高.     

香料生产废水的生化处理研究

某合成洋茉莉醛香料厂的生产废水中含有香料、香料副产品、降解物以及原辅材料,具有CODcr浓度高、水质波动大以及水中污染物成分复杂等特点,属于典型的高浓度难降解有机废水,而该厂现有的废水处理工艺不仅流程长、费用高且出水难以达到GB8978—1996一级排放标准。本文采用活性污泥法及MBR工艺研究了洋茉莉醛香料废水的处理效果及其影响因素,并结合GC—MS对降解产物进行了分析。试验结果表明：采用本文方法对洋茉莉醛香料废水有较好的降解作用,可经较少的步骤处理实现达标排放。     

Regional crop yield, water consumption and water use efficiency and their responses to climate change in the North China Plain

The North China Plain (NCP) is one of the most important regions for food production in China, with its agricultural system being significantly affected by the undergoing climate change and vulnerable with water stress. In this study, the Vegetation Interface Processes (VIP) model is used to evaluate crop yield, water consumption (ET), and water use efficiency (WUE) of a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–summer maize (Zea mays L.) double cropping system in the NCP from 1951 to 2006. Their responses to future climate scenarios of 21st century projected by the GCM (HadCM3) with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emission Scenario (IPCC SRES) A2 and B1 emissions are investigated. The results show a rapid enhancement of crop yield in the past 56 years, accompanying with slight increment of ET and noticeable improvement of WUE. There exist spatial patterns of crop yield stemmed mainly from soil quality and irrigation facilities. For climate change impacts, it is found that winter wheat yield will significantly increase with the maximum increment in A2 occurring in 2070s with a value of 19%, whereas the maximum in B1 being 13% in 2060s. Its ET is slightly intensified, which is less than 6%, under both A2 and B1 scenarios, giving rise to the improvement of WUE by 10% and 7% under A2 and B1 scenarios, respectively. Comparatively, summer maize yield will gently decline by 15% for A2 and 12% for B1 scenario, respectively. Its ET is obviously increasing since 2050s with over 10% relative change, leading to a lower WUE with more than 25% relative change under both scenarios in 2090s. Therefore, possible adaptation countermeasures should be developed to mitigate the negative effects of climate change for the sustainable development of agro-ecosystems in the NCP.     

汶川地震期间天津地震前兆台网运行与管理

汶川地震发生后,天津市地震局迅速进入应急体制,高效应对突发事件.监测中心、预报中心全体人员坚守岗位,履行职责,较好地完成了汶川地震期间天津地震前兆台网运行监控、数据管理、台站综合评比、数据服务、总结评估等项工作,以无私奉献的团队精神为地震监测预报工作做出了应有的贡献.     

西部管道工程HSE一体化绩效管理应用研究

分析了我国管道工程项目HSE绩效管理存在问题,运用绩效管理理论,结合“PMT（业主）＋PMC（监理）＋EPC（施工总承包方）”一体化模式及西部管道工程,阐述了HSE一体化绩效管理体系的建立及应用情况。     

辽东湾海冰晶体结构及其内部叶绿素的初步研究

本文介绍了１９９６年冬季首次辽东湾生态环境调查中的海洋背景条件。扼要地阐述了辽东湾海冰一般概况，分析辽东湾冰样晶体结构、存储条件及其与冰内和冰下海水叶绿素之间的关系。辽东湾冰内叶绿素符合其它结冰海区的一般规律。根据辽东湾冰层底部实测盐度变化规律阐明海冰对冰下海水营养盐的贡献。最后对深入开展结冰海区生态环境调查工作的技术、侧重点和意义做了讨论。     

太原市工业区大气中TSP浓度及元素成分分析

采用校正空白称量法对太原市工业区大气中ＴＳＰ浓度进行了测定分析，对该区大气ＴＳＰ浓度随时间变化的规律，超标情况及污染特征进行了研究，同时测定了ＴＳＰ中Ｃｒ、Ｐｂ等１２种元素的含量。     

Reduced-glutathione concentrations in Boleophthalmus pectinirostris tissues exposed to benzo(a)pyrene

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＢｅｉｎｇａｔｙｐｉｃａｌｐｏｌｙｃｙｃｌｉｃａｒｏｍａｔｉｃｈｙｄｒｏｃａｒｂｏｎｓ(ＰＡＨｓ) ,ｂｅｎｚｏ[ａ]ｐｙｒｅｎｅ(ＢａＰ)ｄｅｓｅｒｖｅｓｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｓｔｕｄｙｂｅｃａｕｓｅＰＡＨｓａｒｅｎｏｗｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅｄａｓｍａｊｏｒｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓ .ＥｘｐｏｓｕｒｅｔｏＰａＨｓｉｓｖｉｒｔｕａｌｌｙｕｎａｖｏｉｄａｂｌｅａｎｄｉｓｓｔｒｏｎｇｌｙｓｕｓｐｅｎｄｅｄｏｆｂｅｉｎｇａｃａｕｓａｔｉｖｅｆａｃｔｏｒｉｎｃｅｒｔａｉｎｔｕｍｏ…     

Investigation on mechanism of phosphate removal on carbonized sludge adsorbent

For the removal of phosphate (PO₄^3 -) from water, an adsorbent was prepared via carbonization of sewage sludge from a wastewater treatment plant: carbonized sludge adsorbent (CSA). The mechanism of phosphate removal was determined after studying the structure and chemical properties of the CSA and its influence on phosphate removal. The results demonstrate that phosphate adsorption by the CSA can be fitted with the pseudo second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models, indicating that the adsorption is single molecular layer adsorption dominated by chemical reaction. The active sites binding phosphate on the surface are composed of mineral particles containing Si/Ca/Al/Fe. The mineral containing Ca, calcite, is the main factor responsible for phosphate removal. The phosphate removal mechanism is a complex process including crystallization via the interaction between Ca^2 + and PO₄^3 -; formation of precipitates of Ca^2 +, Al^3 +, and PO₄^3 -; and adsorption of PO₄^3 - on some recalcitrant oxides composed of Si/Al/Fe.