磷渣电炉还原渣白水泥的研究

本文系统地分析了磷渣及电炉还原渣的特性,并将两者科学地调配,研制出一种凝结正常,早期强度高、后期强度不倒缩、压蒸安定性合格的无熟料磷渣电炉还原渣白水泥.     

微生物在苏州河生态系统中的地位及作用

苏州河是上海的母亲河 ,但近年来随着上海经济的发展 ,苏州河的污染越来越严重。这不仅损害了上海市民的生活质量和身体健康 ,而且与上海国际大都市的形象格格不入。 2 0世纪 80年代 ,上海市政府开始治理苏州河 ,但从未从生态学的角度治理过苏州河。微生物作为生态系统重要组成部分———分解者 ,对维持苏州河生态系统的平衡起着极其重要的作用。微生物不仅能降解苏州河水体和底泥中的有机物 ,而且可作为水体污染程度及受污后治理恢复状况的指示指标。本文主要选取有代表性的指示微生物 ,通过对苏州河上海市区段 8个采样段面处底泥 (主要是表层底泥 )中微生物指标的定量测试及代表性河段的耗氧速率测定 ,来了解目前苏州河的污染状况及微生物在整个生态系统中的地位和作用 ,从而为苏州河的综合治理提供依据。     

Remedial strategies for municipal solid waste management in China

The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the current status and to identify the problems of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in China to determine appropriate remedial strategies. This is the second of two papers proposed on this topic. Major problems or difficulties identified in MSW management in China include MSW land, air, and water pollution, commingled collection, poor administration, shortage of funds, lack of facilities, and problems of training and public awareness. In order to solve these problems and to improve MSW management in China, remedial strategies in three areas are recommended: institutional reform, technology development, and legislation and administrative improvement. The primary principle involved in institutional reform is unifying legislative responsibilities into one body and developing a market mechanism for handling MSW. Composting, landfills, and incineration should be equally developed in accordance with China's needs. The feasibility of developing technology to handle MSW in China is discussed. Also recommended is the establishment of sound regulatory systems, including a service fee system, a source separation system, and a training program. China is presently undergoing economic and institutional reform at the national and local levels. Results of this study will provide useful information on MSW management in China.     

乙酰丙酮分光光度法测定新装修住宅室内空气中的甲醛

对乙酰丙酮分光光度法测定室内空气中甲醛的方法进行了优化,同时对北京市11户部分新装修居室室内空气中的甲醛含量进行了测定.结果表明,有8户住宅超过了我国室内空气质量标准GB/T18883-2002规定的甲醛最高容许质量浓度0.10 mg/m3.     

采用正交实验优化湿热法处理厨余垃圾的工艺条件

实验采用3因素3水平的正交实验设计方法,研究了湿热法处理厨余垃圾并使其饲料化的加工工艺中,时间、温度、加水量对厨余垃圾饲用价值的影响,选取粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、钙和盐分为评价指标,确定反应的最佳工艺条件.实验结果表明,反应的最佳工艺条件为温度100℃、加水量50%、反应时间30 min.     

运用CFD技术进行二段往复炉排焚烧炉二次风口的辅助设计

二次风口的合理布设是实现炉膛内气体混合均匀、反应完全的有效措施之一，运用CFD技术进行二段往复炉排焚烧炉二次风口的辅助设计，借助PHOENICS软件模拟二次风口对炉内流场的影响。通过模拟发现，二次风口的布设可明显提高烟气的湍流程度．前后墙各设一排直径为0．04m的二次风口可以实现最佳的炉膛流场工况。     

含油污水的综合处理法及其应用

概述了竖向隔板分油法、蜂窝斜管分油法及磁性颗粒吸附过滤法 ,将这 3种方法结合处理某机修厂的含油污水 ,取得了满意效果。     

黑斑蛙Dmrt1基因的克隆及在不同组织中的表达

Dmrt基因家族是新近发现的一个与性别决定相关的基因家族,该家族成员都含有一个新的具有DNA结合能力的保守基序——DM结构域.本文采用简并PCR技术,扩增并克隆了黑斑蛙基因组中的DM结构域,经序列分析,获得了Dmrt家族成员rnDmrt1;进一步根据获得的rnDmrt1序列,设计一对特异引物,采用RT-PCR技术对成蛙不同组织Dmrt1基因的表达进行了研究.结果发现,rnDmrt1只在精巢中特异表达,在卵巢、脑、肝、心、肾及肌肉组织中无表达,显示Dmrt1基因在性别决定和分化中有重要功能. 图4参9     

The effect of ink types and printing processes on flotation deinking efficiency of wastepaper recycling

Wastepaper is the largest fraction of solid waste. Flotation deinking plays an essential role in the product quality and process cost of wastepaper recycling. This paper investigated the effect of ink types and printing processes on flotation deinking. Examination of ink types in this study revealed that newsprint oil-based offset-cold and offset-heat inks contain substantial oil (45 to 60%) and resin (5 to 35%); water-based ink contains water (40%) and resin (polystyrene, 30%); and these inks are liquids with densities around 1 g/cm³ at 25 °C. On the other hand, photocopy and laser-print toners were found to be solid powders with particle diameters of about 20 μm, densities of 1 to 1.5 g/cm³, and a composition that consists primarily of styrene-acrylate copolymers (60 to 90%). Except for water-based ink, which is water soluble, all inks in their initial state are hydrophobic. It was found that for newsprint oil based offset-cold inks there is little change in their surface chemical properties, and their hydrophobic character is retained. These inks in the newsprint wastepaper pulp can be effectively removed by flotation. On the other hand, it was found that during the printing processes, the toner particles undergo polymerization (fusion) and oxidation with the subsequent formation of peroxide bonds due to exposure to heat, light, and oxygen (air). The fusion due to polymerization causes bonding to the paper fibers and the creation of larger toner particle sizes. The oxidation creates a greater polarity at the toner particle surface. These effects account for the poor efficiency in the flotation deinking of office waste. In order to improve office wastepaper recycling, it is evident, based on this study and policy considerations, that there is a need to find ways of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of flotation deinking by modification of the surface properties of printed toner particles, or designing new toner particles.     

天然和人工叠加流场下弥散试验研究

在污灌区浅层含水层进行了现场弥散试验,采用氚做为示踪剂,瞬时投放.因为天然流速较弱,通过注水形成天然的和人工的叠加流场.根据流场特性。建立以Φ-Ψ坐标表示的移流弥散数学模型.采用有限差数值方法求解,其中二维模型应用分裂格式.通过计算的浓度曲线与实验曲线拟合,求得纵、横向弥散率.