水生生态系统在污水处理中的应用

利用水生生态系统治理水体污染是污水处理领域的研究热点之一.综述了水生生态系统在处理污水中的应用现状,分析了影响处理效果的主要因素,并探讨了水生生态系统处理废水的运行机理,展望了水生生态系统的发展前景.     

水生生态系统在污水处理中的应用

利用水生生态系统治理水体污染是污水处理领域的研究热点之一.综述了水生生态系统在处理污水中的应用现状,分析了影响处理效果的主要因素,并探讨了水生生态系统处理废水的运行机理,展望了水生生态系统的发展前景.     

布袋除尘器和活性炭滤布对烟气中二噁英类的去除效果

通过实验研究了布袋除尘器、活性炭滤布吸附器以及二者的组合对小型垃圾焚烧炉烟气中二噁英类的去除效果.在炉膛温度850℃～900℃的条件下,3种方法对烟气中二噁英类的去除率分别为39.7%、61.9%、93.4%采用布袋除尘器+活性炭滤布吸附器能够在降低运行费用的同时使二噁英类的排放符合国家标准     

UV/Fenton氧化处理PVA溶液

为了对PVA(聚乙烯醇)溶液中PVA去除进行研究,采用UV/Fenton氧化技术氧化处理PVA溶液。探究了UV/Fenton氧化PVA溶液的影响因素,主要研究了反应时间、初始pH、H2O2/COD和H2O2/Fe2+,获得了各个因素对PVA溶液COD去除率的影响规律以及PVA溶液经处理后的B/C(BOD5/COD)变化规律。实验表明,随着H2O2/COD投加比的增加,COD去除率不断增加,B/C呈现先增加后减少的现象;随初始pH的增加,COD去除率以及B/C均呈现先增加后减少的现象;随着H2O2/Fe2+不断增加,COD去除率以及B/C均呈现先增加后减少的现象;随反应时间的增加,COD去除率以及B/C均增加之后趋于稳定。当H2O2/COD=1.5,pH=4,H2O2/Fe2+物质的量之比为10,T=30 min时COD去除率效果比较好,经过处理之后溶液的 B/C由0.1 增至0.6,可生化性提高,为后续生物处理创造条件。     

驻极体空气过滤器对办公环境PM2.5的净化效果

针对办公环境PM2.5的净化问题,现场测试了以3种不同过滤面积的驻极体空气过滤器为核心过滤元件的空气净化器的过滤性能,并与普通高效微粒空气过滤器(high-efficiency particulate air,HEPA)、初效碳纤维滤层和活性炭滤网等进行了对比.测试点为上海某三楼办公室座位区离地面1.1 m处人体坐姿呼吸平面.采用蜡烛烟雾作为室内微细颗粒污染物的来源.分别测试了40 min内PM2.5的质量浓度衰减值和相应运行功率,并计算了净化器处理风量和洁净空气量.结果表明,过滤面积在0.20~0.54 m2范围内驻极体过滤器的过滤效率随面积增加而提高;过滤面积为0.29 m2的驻极体处理风量最大;以洁净空气量与功率的比值作为指标,可以直观判断出净化效果最好的是初效滤网叠加过滤面积为0.54 m2的驻极体过滤器;该工况下40 min内PM2.5浓度衰减率与HEPA几乎相同且均接近70%,但是洁净空气量大于HEPA.     

臭氧催化氧化去除水中聚乙烯醇

以Fe2+、Mn2+和Cu2+为催化剂,运用臭氧催化氧化技术对水中聚乙烯醇进行去除实验。结果表明:与单独臭氧氧化比较,臭氧催化氧化对聚乙烯醇的去除效果明显提高,且与催化剂浓度相关,去除效果随Fe2+浓度的增大而提高,在35 mg/L左右达最大值,去除率为85%;随Mn2+浓度的增大而降低,最佳含量约为5 mg/L,去除率为54%;加入Cu2+催化剂,在35 mg/L时去除率为5%,其他剂量时去除效果不明显。3种催化剂投加量同为35 mg/L,反应时间3 h条件下,去除效果对比为:Fe2+ > Cu2+ > Mn2+。     

沈阳市满堂河黑臭水体治理典型案例分析

满堂河是沈阳市的典型黑臭水体,也是东北地区典型的季节性河流,其水质直接影响着两岸居民的生活,亦影响着浑河干流水质。近年,通过控源截污、内源治理、生态修复及长效管理等综合措施,已基本解决了满堂河河道污染问题,显著改善了河道水质及水环境。以满堂河为例,在分析河流主要污染来源及存在问题的基础上,重点介绍满堂河治理的总体方案、目标及措施,总结满堂河黑臭水体整治的典型治理技术及经验,以及综合比较满堂河整治前后的成效,以期为东北地区黑臭水体的治理提供借鉴。     

UV/H2O2/Fe-FeOxH2x-3和UV/H2O2工艺降解水中富里酸的研究

采用硼氢化钠还原法制备核-壳结构的Fe-FeOxH2x-3复合材料,研究了富里酸在UV/H2O2和UV/H2O2/Fe-FeOxH2x-3两种不同反应体系下的降解情况。结果表明,核-壳结构Fe-FeOxH2x-3的存在,提高了UV/H2O2降解富里酸的反应速率,TOC去除达到84%。采用XAD树脂吸附法对反应前后的富里酸进行化学分级表征,结果表明,富里酸经反应后憎水酸（HoA）、弱憎水酸（WHoA）和憎水中性物质（HoN）都有所减少,进而转化为亲水性物质（HiM）;用超滤膜法对富里酸进行物理分级表征,考察了富里酸在反应前后分子量分布的变化情况。同时,富里酸经过反应后生成的中间产物降低了三氯甲烷生成趋势。     

Spatial distribution of health risks for residents located close to solvent-consuming industrial VOC emission sources

Emissions derived from the consumption of organic solvents have been proven to be the primary industrial source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In conjunction with epidemiologic studies, water-based paints (WBPs) and solvent-based paints (SBPs) were selected as representatives of newly developed solvents and traditional solvents, respectively, to simulate the effects of consuming solvents emitted during industrial production. And non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to residents near emission sources were studied in detail. The results showed that the spatial distribution of health risks varied with meteorological conditions and type of emission source, and the prevailing wind direction strongly affected the distribution range and shape of the influenced area. The areas of influence maximized on heavy-polluting days for both WBP and SBP emission sources with the total span reaching 804 m and 16 km, respectively; meanwhile, the areas of influence for carcinogenic risk resulting from WBP emission sources were 1.2 and 2.3 times greater than those measured on fine and rainy days, respectively, and 1.8 and 2.9 times greater for SBP emission sources. Compared with WBPs, the total spans of negatively influenced regions resulting from SBP emission sources were 10.4, 12.5 and 19.9 times greater on fine, rainy and heavy-polluting days, respectively. Therefore, carcinogenic risk was the dominant health threat for populations residing close to solvent-consuming industrial emission sources. The findings suggest that newly developed solvents are capable of significantly reducing consequent health threats, nevertheless, they could still pose occasional threats to nearby residents under specific meteorological conditions.     

Air pollutant emissions from the asphalt industry in Beijing, China

Improving our understanding of air pollutant emissions from the asphalt industry is critical for the development and implementation of pollution control policies. In this study, the spatial distribution of potential maximum emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the complete life cycle of asphalt mixtures, as well as the particulate matter (PM), asphalt fume, nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), VOCs, and benzoapyrene (BaP) emissions from typical processes (e.g., asphalt and concrete mixing stations, asphalt heating boilers, and asphalt storage tanks) in asphalt mixing plants, were determined in Beijing in 2017. The results indicated that the potential maximum emissions of VOCs in the complete life cycle of asphalt mixtures were 18,001 ton, with a large contribution from the districts of Daxing, Changping, and Tongzhou. The total emissions of PM, asphalt fume, NMHC, VOCs, and BaP from asphalt mixing plants were 3.1, 12.6, 3.1, 23.5, and 1.9 × 10^?3 ton, respectively. The emissions of PM from asphalt and concrete mixing stations contributed the most to the total emissions. The asphalt storage tank was the dominant emission source of VOCs, accounting for 96.1% of the total VOCs emissions in asphalt mixing plants, followed by asphalt heating boilers. The districts of Daxing, Changping, and Shunyi were the dominant regions for the emissions of PM, asphalt fume, NMHC, and BaP, while the districts of Shunyi, Tongzhou, and Changping contributed the most emissions of VOCs.