改性膨润土对J酸溶液和废母液处理效果

研究了改性膨润土对Ｊ酸溶液和Ｊ酸废母液的处理效果,结果表明,改性膨润土对Ｊ酸溶液的处理效果比Ｊ酸废母液要好,对Ｊ酸废母液的去除效果与ｐＨ和硫酸钠含量有关,在中性或弱碱性条件下,硫酸钠含量越低。对Ｊ酸废母液的去除率越高,最高可达到５０％左右。     

图论在大气化学模式计算和灵敏度分析等中的应用

若用吉尔型法求解大气化学模式、动力学模式和灵敏度分析时,预估矩阵是不对称矩阵。在图论中该矩阵对应于一有向图（ 一种类型的反应图） ,顶点代表反应物或产物,边表示反应。图论中将有向图划分成强成分可以用于ＬＵ 分解一系列小矩阵代替直接ＬＵ 分解预估矩阵本身,从而提高了效率。以大气化学模式的碳键机理和乙烷裂解动力学机理两例说明,给出了许多划分强成分前后动力学模型和灵敏度分析有关的有向图及其有关的矩阵,本法与间接法和其它方法的灵敏度分析的结果符合得很好,并评价了计算效率。     

Same stimuli,different responses: a pilot study assessing air pollution visibility impacts on emotional well-being in a controlled environment

● Emotional responses to visibility-reducing haze was assessed in a controlled lab. ● Valence and arousal have non-linear responses to pollution-caused low visibility. ● Repetitive exposure aggravates negative emotions in severely polluted conditions. ● Emotional bias to pollution relates with gender, decisiveness, attitude to clean air. A growing number of studies have shown that impaired visibility caused by particulate matter pollution influences emotional wellbeing. However, evidence is still scant on how this effect varies across individuals and over repetitive visual exposure in a controlled environment. Herein, we designed a lab-based experiment (41 subjects, 6 blocks) where participants were presented with real-scene images of 12 different PM_2.5 concentrations in each block. Emotional valence (negative to positive) and arousal (calm to excited) were self-rated by participants per image, and the response time for each rating was recorded. We find that as pollution level increases from 10 to 260 µg/m³, valence scores decrease, whereas arousal scores decline first and then bounce back, following a U-shaped trend. When air quality deteriorates, individual variability decreases in hedonic valence but increases in arousal. Over blocks, repetitive visual exposure increases valence at a moderate pollution level but aggravates negative emotions in severely polluted conditions (> 150 µg/m³). Finally, we find females, people who are slow in making responses, and those who are highly aroused by clean air tend to express more negative responses (so-called negativity bias) to ambient pollution than their respective counterparts. These results provide deeper insights into individual-level emotional responses to dirty air in a controlled environment. Although the findings in our pilot study should only be directly applied to the conditions assessed herein, we introduce a framework that can be replicated in different regions to assess the impact of air pollution on local emotional wellbeing.     

海南省省控土壤环境监测基础点位布设思路与方法

为满足新时期土壤污染防治管理要求,掌握海南省土壤环境质量状况及变化趋势,海南省亟需加强省控土壤环境监测基础点位布设,完善土壤环境监测网。通过梳理海南省土壤环境监测工作基础和监测网络构建情况,形成了省控基础点位布设思路、原则和方法,并应用GIS技术完成点位布设。海南省省控土壤环境监测基础点位基本覆盖了海南省农用地主要土壤类型和成土母岩,监测结果可以反映海南省农用地土壤环境质量整体状况。     

城市污水超滤再生处理效果及安全性评价

为了考察超滤工艺再生城市污水的可行性 ,对超滤膜处理城市污水的再生效果进行了实验研究 ,研究结果表明 ,虽然超滤对某些指标处理效果明显 ,但是单一的超滤工艺不能完全保证再生回用水的安全性。     

高碘酸钾氧化中性红测定间苯二酚

在酸性和75℃条件下,微量的间苯二酚对高碘酸钾氧化中性红褪色反应具有显著的抑制作用,据此建立了测定间苯二酚的新的动力学光度法。该方法灵敏、快速、操作简便,此法的线性范围为0．1～3．0μg／mL,检出限为0．082μg／mL,对1．0μg／mL的间苯二酚测定11次的相对标准偏差为2．26％。     

Additional disturbances as a beneficial tool for restoration of post-mining sites: a multi-taxa approach

Open interior sands represent a highly threatened habitat in Europe. In recent times, their associated organisms have often found secondary refuges outside their natural habitats, mainly in sand pits. We investigated the effects of different restoration approaches, i.e. spontaneous succession without additional disturbances, spontaneous succession with additional disturbances caused by recreational activities, and forestry reclamation, on the diversity and conservation values of spiders, beetles, flies, bees and wasps, orthopterans and vascular plants in a large sand pit in the Czech Republic, Central Europe. Out of 406 species recorded in total, 112 were classified as open sand specialists and 71 as threatened. The sites restored through spontaneous succession with additional disturbances hosted the largest proportion of open sand specialists and threatened species. The forestry reclamations, in contrast, hosted few such species. The sites with spontaneous succession without disturbances represent a transition between these two approaches. While restoration through spontaneous succession favours biodiversity in contrast to forestry reclamation, additional disturbances are necessary to maintain early successional habitats essential for threatened species and open sand specialists. Therefore, recreational activities seem to be an economically efficient restoration tool that will also benefit biodiversity in sand pits.     

Enhanced excess sludge hydrolysis and acidification in an activated sludge side-stream reactor process with single-stage sludge alkaline treatment: a pilot scale study

A pilot-scale side-stream reactor process with single-stage sludge alkaline treatment was employed to systematically investigate characteristics of excess sludge hydrolysis and acidification with alkaline treatment and evaluate feasibility of recovering a carbon source (C-source) from excess sludge to enhance nutrient removal at ambient temperature. The resulting C-source and volatile fatty acid specific yields reached 349.19 mg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/g volatile suspended solids (VSS) d⁻¹ and 121.3 mg COD/g VSS d⁻¹, respectively, the process had excellent C-source recovery potential. The propionic-to-acetic acid ratio of the recovered C-source was 3.0 times that in the influent, which beneficially enhanced biological phosphorus removal. Large populations and varieties of hydrolytic acid producing bacteria cooperated with alkaline treatment to accelerate sludge hydrolysis and acidification. Physicochemical characteristics indicated that recovered C-source was derived primarily from extracellular polymeric substances hydrolysis rather than from cells disruption during alkaline treatment. This study showed that excess sludge as carbon source was successfully recycled by alkaline treatment in the process.