Ozonation of o-cresol in aqueous solutions using a rotating packed-bed reactor.

Experimental results indicated that ozone transfer in the rotating packed contactor was noticeably greater than in a traditional packed-bed contactor under similar operational conditions. Ozonation in the rotating packed contactor has been shown to be feasible for achieving nearly complete decomposition of o-cresol within 1 hour. The decomposition of o-cresol by ozonation in the rotating packed contactor increased with increasing rotor speed and decreasing the gas-liquid flowrate ratio. However, the reduction of total organic carbon during the ozonation of o-cresol was not influenced by variation of rotor speed and gas-liquid flowrate ratio. The species distribution of o-cresol under various solution conditions plays a significant role in determining the decomposition behavior. In most experiments conducted in this study, the decomposition of o-cresol by ozonation was more favorable under alkaline conditions.     

2-n-丙基酚在模拟海水中的耗氧特性及降解动力学

以2-n-丙基酚为研究对象,分3个质量浓度系列研究其在人工模拟海水中的耗氧特性及降解过程.试验结果表明,在该模拟海水体系中,ρ(DO)呈现先下降后上升的趋势,ρ(DO)变化过程与2-n-丙基酚的生物降解过程密切相关,ρ(DO)最低值出现在2-n-丙基酚降解率达85%～90%的阶段.2-n-丙基酚在该体系中的生物降解反应符合一级反应动力学规律,其生物降解速率与2-n-丙基酚初始质量浓度有关.2-n-丙基酚初始质量浓度增加,生物降解速率下降,滞后期和半衰期也相应延长.      

泰山顶与济南市大气臭氧浓度变化规律研究

利用2003年7月至9月在泰山顶和济南市3个月的臭氧（O3）自动连续监测数据,对两地O3浓度的频率分布、日变化和日际变化等特征进行对照分析。实验结果表明,泰山顶O3小时平均浓度频率分布比较集中,济南市O3小时平均浓度频率分布比较分散。泰山顶各月O3小时平均浓度的平均值和日均值均高于济南市;泰山顶O3小时平均浓度的最大值低于济南市,而O3小时平均浓度的最小值要高于济南市。泰山顶O3小时平均浓度日变化规律与济南市O3小时平均浓度日变化规律有很大差别,泰山顶O3小时平均浓度日变化很平缓,最大值与最小值相差不大,济南市O3小时平均浓度一般在中午和午后浓度较高,早晨和夜晚较低。     

建立和发展生态工业的策略

党的十五大把环境保护问题作为基本国策,并强调:“正确处理经济发展同人口、资源、环境的关系”。这表明生态问题已经引起高度重视,建立和发展生态工业已成为当前一项重要任务。本文在介绍生态工业定义的基础上,说明了建立和发展生态工业的必要性及其如何建立和发展生态工业。     

The dynamic change of energy supply and demand structure within China: a perspective from the national value chain

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The complexity of the national value chain (NVC) has significantly impacted the level of energy consumption embodied in domestic trade. This paper...     

安全性防护鞋——内包头鞋的标准

安全防护鞋存不同作业场合穿用起着保护脚部、腿部免受伤害的作用。内包头鞋属于安全防护鞋的一种，是防御物体坠落伤害足趾的一种特殊功能鞋。     

不同淹水环境下湖泊沉积物DOM的特征与来源

为揭示水位的空间差异对于湖泊沉积物溶解性有机质（DOM）特性的影响与作用途径,采用紫外可见光谱（UV-Vis）和三维荧光光谱结合平行因子分析（EEM-PARAFAC）,探究东洞庭湖不同淹水环境对沉积物DOM的组成与来源的影响.结果表明,DOM中类蛋白组分［类色氨酸C2与类酪氨酸C3,（72.95±8.94）%］高于类腐殖酸组分［C1,（27.05±8.94）%］.季节淹水下DOM具有更高的类蛋白组分和更低的类腐殖酸组分,而常年淹水下的DOM芳香性（SUVA₂₅₄）与疏水组分（SUVA₂₆₀）更高,在空间上表现为：湖中段>入湖段>出湖段,更有利于污染物迁移.通过对荧光参数FI （1.93）、BIX （0.91）和HIX （1.57）的计算发现,沉积物DOM具有内源为主和陆源较弱的混合特征.这可能受到人为输入与沉积物特性影响,季节淹水区沉积物裸露增强污水排放的直接作用,且黏粒和总氮（TN）含量与FI呈显著正相关,说明沉积物高营养成分和黏粒含量影响DOM的内源成分（FI>1.9）;而常年淹水区具有外来径流输入,pH和C/N与HIX和C1呈显著正相关,说明沉积物DOM由于常年淹水的碱性环境（pH>7.5）和径流输入比季节淹水区具有更高的陆源成分（HIX=1.38±0.57）.上述结果有助于揭示湖泊水文与人类活动过程中沉积物DOM对水质与污染响应的相关理论,为沉积物污染防治提供科学依据.     

Distribution,characteristics and daily fluctuations of microplastics throughout wastewater treatment plants with mixed domestic–industrial influents in Wuxi City,China

• MPs were analyzed throughout three WWTPs with mixed domestic–industrial influents. • White polyethylene granules from plastic manufacturing were the most dominant MPs. • MPs abundance in random grab-sampling was lower than that in daily dense sampling. • The production of MPs such as microbeads need to be restricted from the source. In wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), microplastics (MPs) are complex, especially with mixed domestic–industrial influents. Conventional random grab sampling can roughly depict the distribution and characteristics of MPs but can not accurately reflect their daily fluctuations. In this study, the concentration, shape, polymer type, size, and color of MPs were analyzed by micro-Raman spectroscopy (detection limit of 0.05 mm) throughout treatment stages of three mixed domestic–industrial WWTPs (W1, W2, and W3) in Wuxi City, China, and the daily fluctuations of MPs were also obtained by dense grab sampling within 24 h. For influent samples, the average MP concentration of 392.2 items/L in W1 with 10% industrial wastewater was much higher than those in W2 (71.2 items/L with 10% industrial wastewater) and W3 (38.3 items/L with 60% industrial wastewater). White polyethylene granules with a diameter less than 0.5 mm from plastic manufacturing were the most dominant MPs in the influent of W1, proving the key role of industrial sources in MPs pollution. In addition, the daily dense sampling results showed that MP concentration in W1 influent fluctuated widely between 29.1 items/L and 4617.6 items/L within a day. Finally, few MPs (less than 4.0 items/L) in these WWTPs effluents were attributed to the effective removal of wastewater treatment processes. Thus, further attention should be paid to regulating the primary sources of MPs.     

背景溶液对纳米氧化铁吸附病毒的影响

以噬菌体X174为病毒替代,通过等温静态批量吸附实验,研究了4种纳米氧化铁(α-Fe2O3、γ-Fe2O3-B、γ-Fe2O3-N、Fe3O4)对病毒在不同背景溶液中的吸附行为及其影响因素.结果表明,在模拟地下水中,4种纳米氧化铁对病毒均具有较高的吸附比例,其中α-Fe2O3对病毒吸附比例最高,在病毒初始浓度比较低(约1E+03PFU.mL-1)时可达100%.经Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温线方程对上述吸附结果进行拟合表示,纳米氧化铁对病毒的吸附均为有利吸附(favorable adsorption),并可能存在多层吸附,吸附比例均随着病毒初始浓度的增加而减少.纳米氧化铁对病毒的吸附比例随着背景溶液离子强度的增加而降低,表示其吸附行为以电性吸附为主.背景溶液中阴离子存在显著降低了病毒的吸附量,这可能与阴离子竞争病毒吸附位点有关,其中HPO24-比HCO3-表现得更为明显.结果同时显示背景溶液中多价阳离子的存在(比如Ca2+和Mg2+)比单价阳离子(比如Na+和K+)更有利于纳米氧化铁对病毒的吸附.综上可知,纳米氧化铁是一种潜在的病毒净化理想材料,应用时需考虑其环境因素的影响.