葡萄灰孢霉代谢产物的分离及生物活性

用大孔离子交换树脂吸附和溶剂萃取的方法，分离测定了葡萄灰孢霉TB－3－H8发酵液中的一些主要成分，发酵液中除了主要含有脱落酸外，还含有一些与脱落酸合成有相同前体的甾体化合物，以及脱落酸合成过程中后几步发生的分支（2E，4E)-1'-脱氧－ABA，并比较了脱落酸与（2E，4E）－1'－脱氧－ABA的生物活性。图2表2参12     

微生物菌剂对不同废水的适配试验

采用15种不同的微生物菌剂,以葡萄糖配水、中药提取废水、啤酒废水、氨氮配水等为基质,分别测定了微生物菌剂的耗氧速率和厌氧比产甲烷速率,以单位菌剂对不同基质的耗氧速率和厌氧比产甲烷活性为指标,比较了各菌剂对废水的适配性.根据测定结果选择活性高的菌剂,在试验室进行了菌剂对废水的连续处理试验.结果表明,不同菌剂对同一种废水的好氧或厌氧活性不同,同种菌剂对不同废水的好氧和厌氧活性不同.废水的连续处理试验取得良好的处理效果.No.8菌剂处理葡萄糖配水,系统有机负荷最高可达(COD)10.8 g L-1d-1,COD去除率可达90%以上;采用No.10菌剂处理氨氮配水,好氧氨氮负荷可达(NH4-N )1.42 g L-1d-1,厌氧氨氮负荷可达(NH4-N )0.3 gL-1d-1,系统NH4-N 去除率可达90%以上.图2表3参8     

湖滨带复合型人工湿地氮磷的去除效果

湖滨带是连接湖泊水域生态系统与陆地生态系统的一个功能过渡区,是湖泊的最后一道保护屏障。在河流的入湖口建造湖滨湿地,可有效净化入湖径流中携带的部分有机污染物、营养盐等。以云南抚仙湖北岸的湖滨湿地—马料河复合人工湿地为研究对象,探讨了湿地不同功能区去除氮磷的效果。研究表明,沉淀池除氮效果最不明显,在该区内有机氮可能发生矿化作用而转变为氨氮。有植物系统的潜流和表流区除氮效果较为明显,潜流区对氨氮、硝氮和总氮的平均去除率分别达18.0%、19.7%和22.6%;表流区对三者的平均去除率分别达50.4%、35.9%和43.5%。沉淀池对磷有一定的截留作用,且在进水污染物质量浓度较高时表现明显,平均截留率为14.9%。潜流和表流区除磷效果不明显,可能是因为湿地运行了两年多,土壤吸附交换达到平衡,影响了表流区的除磷效果。潜流区除磷效果受降雨影响较大,雨季时,总磷的平均截留率为12.1%,主要是不溶性磷的吸附和沉积;雨季末期,湿地流量较小,水体流动性差,系统内处于厌氧状态,出现磷释放现象。     

水体突发污染事件的在线生物监测技术研究进展

水体突发性污染事件的污染方式具有多样性,污染物种类具有复杂性。水体突发污染事件的特征决定在线生物监测的难度。结合受试生物种类和生物生理生态指标的不同,综合分析了已经报道的水体污染在线生物监测技术。根据统计分析结果,已经报道的水体突发性污染在线生物监测技术主要分为:基于生物行为变化的在线生物监测技术、基于生物生理变化的在线生物监测技术和基于综合生物指标的在线生物监测技术3类。在不同生物种类和生理生态指标分析基础上,对不同在线生物监测技术的基本原理和优缺点进行分析,也对不同在线生物监测技术存在的缺点提出解决的主要方案,为水体突发污染事件监测分析提供支持,以满足水体突发污染事件的在线监测和应急管理需求。     

Analysis of organochlorine pesticides in water by novel activated carbon fiber-solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

This study describes a fast activated carbon fiber-solid phase microextraction (ACF-SPME) method for determining organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in water. The pesticides in this study consist of Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and alpha-, beta-, gamma-hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). The optimal experimental procedures for the adsorption and desorption of four OCPs were evaluated. The linearity was obtained with a RSD of 20% for the OCPs studied over a range from 1.0 to 100 microg/L. The limits of detection at ng/L level were achieved with GC-MS under selected ion monitoring (SIM) acquisition mode. The proposed method was applied to the determination of OCPs concentration in tap water. The results have demonstrated the suitability of the ACF-SPME-GC-MS approach for the analysis of multi-residue OCPs in water. Compared to the commercial fiber, ACF has shown its advantages in solvent-resistance, thermal stability, and the cost. The results obtained in this study suggest that ACF is a promising choice in solid phase microextraction.     

多维气相色谱分离TCDDs和PCBs

本文描述用多维气相色谱(SE-54柱/FFAP柱)和FID/ECD并行检测系统分析TCDDs和PCBs的方法。经SE-54柱切割的目的部分立即进入FFAP柱分离,中间不需用冷捕集技术。结果表明,该方法是选择检测复杂环境样品中痕量毒物的有效方法。     

Distribution of mercury in the combustion products from coal-fired power plants in Guizhou,southwest China

Method 30B and the Ontario Hydro Method (OHM) were used to sample the mercury in the flue gas discharged from the seven power plants in Guizhou Province, southwest China. In order to investigate the mercury migration and transformation during coal combustion and pollution control process, the contents of mercury in coal samples, bottom ash, fly ash, and gypsum were measured. The mercury in the flue gas released into the atmosphere mainly existed in the form of Hg°. The precipitator shows a superior ability to remove Hg^p (particulate mercury) from flue gas. The removal efficiency of Hg²⁺ by wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) was significantly higher than that for the other two forms of mercury. The synergistic removal efficiency of mercury by the air pollution control devices (APCDs) installed in the studied power plants is 66.69–97.56%. The Hg mass balance for the tested seven coal-fired power plants varied from 72.87% to 109.67% during the sampling time. After flue gas flowing through APCDs, most of the mercury in coal was enriched in fly ash and gypsum, with only a small portion released into the atmosphere with the flue gas. The maximum discharge source of Hg for power plants was fly ash and gypsum instead of Hg emitted with flue gas through the chimney into the atmosphere. With the continuous upgrading of APCDs, more and more mercury will be enriched in fly ash and gypsum. Extra attention should be paid to the re-release of mercury from the reutilization of by-products from APCDs.

Implications: Method 30B and the Ontario Hydro Method (OHM) were used to test the mercury concentration in the flue gas discharged from seven power plants in Guizhou Province, China. The concentrations of mercury in coal samples, bottom ash, fly ash, and gypsum were also measured. By comparison of the mercury content of different products, we found that the maximum discharge source of Hg for power plants was fly ash and gypsum, instead of Hg emitted with flue gas through the chimney into the atmosphere. With the continuous upgrading of APCDs, more and more mercury will be enriched in fly ash and gypsum. Extra attention should be paid to the re-release of mercury from the reutilization of by-products from APCDs.     

多孔软性填料对乳品废水好氧生物降解过程中COD降解速率的影响

近年来中国的牛奶生产呈快速增长之势,乳品加工业成为近几年发展较快的产业之一.因此,乳品废水的处理就成为必须要解决的问题.目前,乳品废水的处理以好氧生物处理法为主.研究了投加多孔软性填料后乳品废水好氧生物处理过程中COD的变化,试验结果表明,加入多孔软性填料,乳品废水中有机污染物的降解速率显著增加;在这个过程中,起主要作用的是附着在填料表面的好氧微生物的降解作用;同时,系统的抗污染物冲击负荷能力显著提高.     

生物壳体Sr/Ca、Mg/Ca、~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值在恢复古气候、古环境中的应用——以小渡口剖面为例

生物壳体的Sr/Ca、Mg/Ca比值能反映其沉积水体的Sr/Ca、Mg/Ca比值 ,在一定条件下反映水体的盐度、温度 ,并分别与宿生水体的盐度、温度呈正比关系。生物壳体的87Sr/ 86Sr比值是恢复盆地古水文条件的一种重要手段。本文以著名的泥河湾盆地小渡口剖面的第 2 8层为实例 ,力图通过对有孔虫、介形虫、腹足类生物壳体Sr/Ca、Mg/Ca比值与87Sr/ 86Sr比值的对比研究 ,并结合前人所作的中更新世古地理特征研究 ,来恢复生物壳体沉积时泥河湾古湖水的温度、盐度 ,进而进行古气候、古环境的恢复。研究结果表明 :在 0 .97～ 0 .94Ma间 ,古泥河湾湖为一陆相湖泊 ,湖水的温度、盐度变化趋势相吻合 ,均呈低—高—低的演化特征 ,可能对应着盆地水体的扩展—退缩—扩展变化。其中 ,在 0 .96～ 0 .95Ma间 ,古泥河湾湖具有较高的温度、盐度特征。     

全固废无水泥钢渣重载路面混凝土的研究及工程应用

在完全不使用硅酸盐水泥的条件下,系统研究了以碱溶液激发钢渣、矿渣细粉、粉煤灰等工业废渣粉制备胶凝材料,钢渣为粗细骨料全部代替传统天然砂石,配置路面混凝土。配置出28d抗压强度达44MPa,抗折强度达8.3MPa同时具有良好工作性能的钢渣路面混凝土。进行重载路面工程试验的效果良好。