捷安肽素对采后柑桔青绿霉菌的抑制效果及作用机理

将枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis) ZK菌株发酵产物捷安肽素用于柑桔采后的生物防治,研究了不同浓度、不同接入时间的捷安肽素对柑桔青霉菌(Penicillium italium)和绿霉菌(P. Digitaum)的抑制效果,并与常用化学杀菌剂抑霉唑、咪鲜胺、甲基硫菌灵和多菌灵作比较. PDA平板上,柑桔绿霉菌比青霉菌对捷安肽素敏感.在柑桔果实上, 53.86 μg/mL捷安肽素处理下,柑桔青霉病和绿霉病的发病率分别为5%和5.28%,比对照低95%和94.72%.柑桔青霉病和绿霉病的病情指数分别为1.87和2.18,比对照低73.73和97.82.捷安肽素作用于柑桔绿霉菌1 h内,菌丝体内K 含量迅速下降,为对照绿霉菌K 含量的37.53%, 1 h后菌丝体内K 含量变化趋于平缓.捷安肽素作用于柑桔绿霉菌12 h内蛋白质、核酸缓慢泄漏, 12 h后蛋白质、核酸含量变化趋于平缓.实验结果表明:捷安肽素可以迅速改变绿霉菌细胞膜通透性.     

碱渣对锌（Ⅱ）离子吸附特性的研究

研究了锌在碱渣表面的吸附特征.结果表明,碱渣总吸附量随体系温度的升高而降低;随体系 pH 值的升高而增加;随吸附质初始浓度的增加而增大.在 pH<5.51 时其等温吸附能较好地符合 Freudlich 等温吸附规律,而在 pH5.51 时,能较好地符合 Langmuir 等温吸附规律,吸附热随 pH 的增大而升高.当pH≤5.51时,碱渣的吸附力以范德华力平和疏水键力的作用为主,而当 pH6.17 时,以化学键力为主.在 pH 为 5.05、6.07和7.03时,碱渣对 Zn26 的吸附动力学方程都以 Langmuir 方程的拟合效果最优.     

长江三角洲的的生产力布局、基础设施与城市发展

随着社会经济的发展，长江三角洲的生产力布局也发生相应的变化，针对其现状特征和发展动向，论述了生产力布局的基本框架以及相关的基础设施、城市发展等问题。     

第二松花江流域土壤中若干元素的自然背景值

按照背景值的采样要求,采集了第二松花江流域(除长白山外)72个土壤剖面的200多个样品。用原子吸收法、阳极溶出伏安法和荧光光度法等测定了镉、铬、铜、铁、汞、锰、镍、铅、硒、锶、锌等元素的含量,得出全流域及流域内不同地区暗棕色森林土、白浆土、黑土、暗色草甸土、水稻土的元素背景值。 本文探讨了土壤类型、成土母质和土壤利用状况对背景值的影响,指出土壤背景值的地域差异性。地理单元划分越细,其土壤背景值的实用性越强。     

Influence of nonionic surfactant on the solubilization and biodegradation of phenanthrene

Phenanthrene was solubilized in two different nonionic surfactants, Tween80 and Triton X-100. The bioavailability of phenanthrane to the bacteria isolated from the petroleum contaminated soils was studied based on the rotary flasks experiments. The results showed that the concentration of nonionic surfactants above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) can increase the solubility of phenanthrene in water andwere innoxious to the phenanthrene-degrading bacteria; phenanthrene solubilized in the micelles of Tween80 was bioavailable and biodegradable. The research demonstrated the potential of surfactant-enhanced bioremediation of soils contaminated by hydrophobic organic comoounds( HOCs).     

Spatio-temporal patterns and driving forces of urban land expansion in China during the economic reform era

Along with its economic reform, China has experienced a rapid urbanization. This study mapped urban land expansion in China using high-resolution Landsat Thematic Mapper and Enhanced Thematic Mapper data of 1989/1990, 1995/1996 and 1999/2000 and analyzed its expansion modes and the driving forces underlying this process during 1990-2000. Our results show that China's urban land increased by 817 thousand hectares, of which 80.8% occurred during 1990-1995 and 19.2% during 1995-2000. It was also found that China's urban expansion had high spatial and temporal differences, such as four expansion modes, concentric, leapfrog, linear and multi-nuclei, and their combinations coexisted and expanded urban land area in the second 5 y was much less than that of the first 5 y. Case studies of the 13 mega cities showed that urban expansion had been largely driven by demographic change, economic growth, and changes in land use policies and regulations.     

反式ABA二醇的立体化学及其生物活性

对灰葡萄孢霉(Botrytis cinerea TB-3-H8)的发酵液进行梯度提取和柱层析分离,得到两种无色晶体,经波谱方法鉴定为ABA和反式ABA二醇;并经NOESY实验研究了反式ABA二醇的优势立体化学.生物抑制活性实验结果表明,反式ABA二醇的半抑制浓度与ABA十分接近,两者均能够高效地抑制水稻种子胚芽的萌发生长.图3表1参14     

化工项目的环境风险评价探析——以甲基丙烯酸甲酯工程为例

风险评价是化工项目环境影响评价的重点工作之一,结合对MMA生产过程中工艺过程及产污环节进行解析,了解原辅料及主副产品的理化特性,通过对工程潜在的环境风险环节进行识别和风险类型确定,从而科学准确地进行风险源项分析,以故障树方式确定事故发生的最大概率,进而完成各种事故状态下的后果影响分析,并根据事故产生的后果,提出防范和减缓事故发生后的风险,从组织措施、技术措施等诸多方面提出风险管理方案和应急防范预案,来保障事故一旦发生对环境的影响降低到最小程度.     

HAZOP在燕山石化12×104 t/a聚丙烯装置改造中的应用

介绍了在12×104t/a聚丙烯装置改造中实施HAZOP分析的方法、步骤及取得的成效,并从效益方面进行了分析.     

Thermodynamic analysis on heavy metals partitioning impacted by moisture during the MSW incineration

A thermodynamic calculation was carried out to predict the behavior and speciation of heavy metals (HMs), Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd, during municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration with the different moisture levels. The calculation was based on the minimization of the total Gibbs free energy of the multi-components and multi-phases closed system reaching chemical equilibrium. The calculation also indicated the reaction directions and tendencies of HMs components. The impacts of chlorine additives (No PVC, 1%PVC, and 5%PVC) and moisture on the behavior of HMs were investigated at different temperature levels in the system (750 °C, 950 °C, and 1150 °C). Furthermore, because the incineration temperature falls down with the increase in moisture in waste, the co-influence of moisture and temperature in combusting MSW on the HMs was also studied with the given chlorine (as 1%PVC + 0.5%NaCl). The results showed that in the non-chlorine system, the impact of the moisture on Pb, Zn, and Cu was not significant, and the ratio of compound transformation was less than 10%, except the Cd compounds at 950 °C and 1150 °C. In the system with low chlorine (as 1%PVC) at constant temperature, the chlorides of HMs (Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu) transferred to oxides, and when the content of chlorine rose up (as 5%PVC), the ratio of the chlorides of HMs (Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu) transferring to oxides fell down noticeably. When the moisture varied together with the temperature, the Zn and Cu compounds transferred from chlorides to oxides with increase in moisture as well as decrease in temperature. At the temperature of 700–1000 °C, the impact of temperature on Pb and Cd was little and the moisture was the main factor; while at the temperature of 1000–1200 °C, the impact of increase in moisture and decrease in temperature on Pb and Cd was almost equal and reversed.