制氧机噪声分析与治理

在大型炼钢生产工艺过程中，需要制备大量的氧气。由于空气流量大，制氧机进口噪声大，对周围环境和工作人员造成了极大的危害。文章对某钢铁集团制氧机的噪声源进行了分析，并在现场调查的基础上，提出了制氧机噪声的处理方案。经过测试，处理后的厂界噪声指标达到国家标准的控制要求。     

含醇废水和树脂再生废水的循环再利用

以高效生化-高效气浮-过滤-消毒组合工艺蛇理某甲醇厂脱盐反洗再生虞水和含醇废水，整个工程采用自动化控制，无需增加工作人员．工艺处理效果好．出水可作为冷却水回用。     

Utilization of aluminum hydroxide waste generated in fluoride adsorption and coagulation processes for adsorptive removal of cadmium ion

Although Al-based coagulation and adsorption processes have been proved highly efficient for fluoride (F) removal, the two processes both generate large amount of Al(OH)₃ solid waste containing F (Al(OH)₃-F). This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of utilizing Al(OH)₃-F generated in Al(OH)₃ adsorption (Al(OH)₃-F_ads) and coagulation (Al(OH)₃-F_coag) for the adsorption of cadmium ion (Cd(II)). The adsorption capacity of Al(OH)₃-F_ads and Al(OH)₃-F_coag for Cd(II) was similar as that of pristine aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)₃), being of 24.39 and 19.90 mg·g^–1, respectively. The adsorption of Cd(II) onto Al(OH)₃-F_ads and Al(OH)₃-F_coag was identified to be dominated by ion-exchange with sodium ion (Na⁺) or hydrogen ion (H⁺), surface microprecitation, and electrostatic attraction. The maximum concentration of the leached fluoride from Al(OH)₃-F_ads and Al(OH)₃-F_coag is below the Chinese Class-I IndustrialWastewater Discharge Standard for fluoride (<10 mg·L^–1). This study demonstrates that the Al(OH)₃ solid wastes generated in fluoride removal process could be potentially utilized as a adsorbent for Cd(II) removal.     

Experiencing Biodiversity as a Bridge over the Science–Society Communication Gap

Drawing on the idea that biodiversity is simply the diversity of living things, and that everyone knows what diversity and living things mean, most conservation professionals eschew the need to explain the many complex ways in which biodiversity is understood in science. On many biodiversity‐related issues, this lack of clarity leads to a communication gap between science and the general public, including decision makers who must design and implement biodiversity policies. Closing this communication gap is pivotal to the ability of science to inform sound environmental decision making. To address this communication gap, we propose a surrogate of biodiversity for communication purposes that captures the scientific definition of biodiversity yet can be understood by nonscientists; that is, biodiversity as a learning experience. The prerequisites of this or any other biodiversity communication surrogate are that it should have transdisciplinary relevance; not be measurable; be accessible to a wide audience; be usable to translate biodiversity issues; and understandably encompass biodiversity concepts. Biodiversity as a learning experience satisfies these prerequisites and is philosophically robust. More importantly, it can effectively contribute to closing the communication gap between biodiversity science and society at large. Experimentando la Biodiversidad como un Puente sobre el Vacío entre la Comunicación Ciencia‐Sociedad     

半月周期的潮汐对滨海湿地土壤理化性质的影响

周期性的潮汐是滨海湿地重要的水文特征,为了探讨潮汐的半月周期(包括小潮期和大潮期)对土壤理化性质的影响及可能的机制,于2009年7月中下旬测定了长江口崇明东滩湿地土壤理化性质在小潮期和大潮期交替周期内的变化规律。结果表明,与小潮期相比,由于频繁的潮水淹没,大潮期0～5 cm土壤含水量的增加量从低潮滩向高潮位依次为:44.8%、18.5%、10.9%和14.3%,5～10 cm含水量的增加量从低潮滩向高潮位依次为:19.2%、9.8%、12.6%和16.2%,10～20 cm则依次为:5.6%、6.1%、2.5%和7.3%。大潮期,从低潮滩向高潮滩增加的盐度依次为0.18、0.13、0.10和0.09 ms·cm^-1,增加的硫酸盐依次为0.32、0.21、0.16、0.13 mg·g^-1。与小潮期相比,大潮期氧化还原电位(Eh)显著降低;土壤容重、pH、可溶性有机碳和可溶性氮在大小潮期间无明显差异。此外,在潮汐的半月周期内,低潮滩土壤比高潮滩有更高淹水频率和更长淹水时间,受潮水的影响更明显,大潮期低潮滩土壤含水量、盐度和硫酸盐的增加幅度大于高潮滩,低潮滩土壤Eh降低幅度则小于高潮滩。半月周期的潮汐可以显著影响滨海湿地的部分土壤理化性质,且不同潮位的土壤性质对潮汐的响应程度不同,进而可能会对湿地植物生长和相关生态过程起到重要的调控作用。     

产中性纤维素酶芽孢杆菌Y106产酶条件优化

筛选得到一株高产中性纤维素酶的芽孢杆菌Ｙ１０６,并对其发酵条件进行了优化,麸皮能够较大幅度地促进产酶,果糖是良好的诱导物,有机氮流促进产酶的效果优于无机氮源,最优的有机氮源是蛋白胨。Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ｆｅ＾２＋、Ｎａ＾＋、Ｃａ＾２＋可以促进纤维素酶的合成,而Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ａｇ＾＋、Ｃｏ＾２＋、Ｈｇ＾２＋则对合成起遏制作用,在酶反应系统中Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ｆｅ＾２＋、Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋能激活纤维素酶活性,Ｃｏ     

Ag-TiO2纳米管电极光电催化降解四环素的优化与分析

采用Ag掺杂的方法对TiO2纳米管电极进行改性,扫描电镜、X衍射分析显示了Ag还原沉积在TiO2纳米管上,且生长形貌良好。三维荧光光谱以及废水TOC的结果表明,四环素在光电催化过程中逐步分解矿化。利用单因素试验和基于中心组合设计的响应曲面法探讨了偏压、初始pH、Cl-浓度、反应时间的影响及其交互作用,建立了以TOC去除率为响应值的二次多项式模型。可以看出,影响TOC去除率的各因素显著性顺序依次为反应时间、Cl-浓度、初始pH值和偏压,其中Cl-浓度和反应时间的交互作用最为显著。预测的反应最佳组合条件为：偏压3.12 V,pH为3.7,Cl-浓度为62.5 mmol·L-1,反应时间为133.2 min,该条件下TOC的去除率为86.72%,实验结果为83.56%,与预测结果基本一致,同时说明Ag-TiO2电极具有较好的光电催化活性。     

混合洗脱剂对土壤中重金属和多氯联苯的同步高效洗脱

针对电子垃圾拆解、焚烧场地周边污染土壤中的重金属和疏水性有机物的复合污染问题,对重金属和有机物同步高效洗脱方法进行了研究。将皂素、吐温-80和柠檬酸按照不同浓度配比组合并制成混合洗脱剂,采用批量平衡振荡的方法,研究其对Cu、Pb、Cd和多氯联苯（PCBs）复合污染土壤的洗脱效果,以及浓度配比、pH和洗脱时间对洗脱效果的影响,并找出最优的洗脱条件。结果表明：在混合洗脱剂中皂素、吐温-80和柠檬酸的浓度分别为12、10和5 g·L-1,pH值为5,批量平衡振荡洗脱时间为6 h的条件下,洗脱效果最佳,对Cu、Pb、Cd和PCBs的洗脱率分别为88.32%、82.75%、94.89%和80.56%,实现了复合污染土壤中重金属和疏水性有机物的同步高效洗脱。     

从项目评价到战略评价

文章阐述了《环境影响评价法》立法的重大意义。