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181.
Joan Iliopoulou-Georgudaki Panagiotis Konstantinopoulos Eleni Georgoudaki 《国际发展与全球生态学杂志》2013,20(3):224-235
ABSTRACTThe application of a sustainable tourism management and development framework, including the enhancement of cultural heritage is presented for the city of Nafpaktos (Western Greece) and the surrounding area. Through a qualitative SWOT analysis and a quantitative Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC)–Tourism Carrying Capacity (TCC) framework, an attempt is made to establish thresholds, monitor current conditions, and upgrade tourism activities, with simultaneous development of the tourism-associated economic sectors and the cultural heritage of the city. Activity zones are identified and 18 indicators are selected to describe the environmental/cultural, economic, and social conditions of the area. Reference conditions for each indicator are established either as measured or negotiated thresholds and indicators are accordingly scored to depict the current divergence from reference. The Leopold matrix is used to compare scores and identify restrictions of development. Results reveal high potential for sustainable tourism development of the area, as 9 of 18 indicators received high scores, indicating sustainable conditions, and a variety of underdeveloped tourism endpoints were identified, including the castle of the city, which could potentially support a 90-fold increase in tourism flow. However, restricting factors of development were detected, related to the lack of a tourism management plan, the weak on-site protection of the natural and cultural heritage and the lack of awareness for sustainability among the local people. A strategic plan is finally proposed to provide managers, stakeholders, and the local communities with a guiding framework to upgrade the tourism flow in and around the city within a step-by-step sustainable process. 相似文献
182.
Lucia B. Carreon-Martinez Scott A. Holt B. Scott Nunez Cynthia K. Faulk G. Joan Holt 《Marine Biology》2010,157(8):1889-1895
Traditionally, sciaenid eggs have been identified based on morphological characteristics such as size, number of oil globules
and/or pigmentation patterns. Identification of sciaenid eggs by these procedures is time consuming and often inaccurate due
to considerable egg size overlap among species. The utilization of molecular techniques for the identification of economically
important species has become a fundamental component in ecological studies involving fish eggs and larvae. This study reports
the development of a series of both multiplex and individual polymerase chain reactions to identify the eggs of 11 sciaenid
species commonly found in the Gulf of Mexico and estuaries near Port Aransas and Corpus Christi, TX, USA. Following method
development, the discriminatory power of the assay was first determined with samples from adult fish collected from Aransas
and Corpus Christi Bays, Galveston Bay and the lower Laguna Madre in northern Mexico. Most (97%) of these fishes were correctly
identified to the level of species. To demonstrate the applicability of the assay, wild fish eggs were collected and analyzed
from the Aransas Pass tidal inlet from September through December 2005. During this period, the eggs of four target species
were positively identified which was in keeping with current knowledge regarding the spawning areas and seasons of these sciaenids
based on the presence of mature females, eggs and/or larvae. Future use of this method can provide valuable information to
better discriminate spawning sites and seasons of these species. 相似文献
183.
A treatablity study (TS) was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) using activated persulfate, alone and in combination with air sparging (AS), for treating a source area contaminated with residual light nonaqueous‐phase liquid (LNAPL), dissolved‐phase fuel hydrocarbons (HCs), and dissolved‐phase chlorinated alkenes at Edwards Air Force Base (AFB), California. The TS was implemented in two phases. Phase I included injecting a solution of sodium persulfate and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) into groundwater via an existing well where residual LNAPL and dissolved‐phase contaminants were present. Because the results of Phase I indicated a limited distribution of the activated persulfate, Phase II was performed to assess whether AS could enhance the distribution of the sodium persulfate. Each phase was followed by groundwater monitoring and sampling at the injection well and at three monitoring wells, located 20 to 44 feet from the injection well. Results from Phases I and II of the TS indicated that (1) alkaline‐activated persulfate was effective in promoting the dissolution of LNAPL and the degradation of dissolved‐phase contaminants, but only at the injection well; (2) the addition of AS was effective in enhancing the radius of persulfate distribution from less than 20 feet to greater than 44 feet, and (3) persulfate alone (i.e., not in an activated state) was effective in reducing the concentrations of dissolved‐phase fuel HC and chlorinated alkenes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
184.
Virginia Routley Joan Ozanne-Smith Yu Qin Ming WuAuthor vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2009,(6):449-454
Objective
To determine and validate patterns of seat belt use and attitudes of taxi drivers on wearing a seat belt following national and provincial seat belt legislation in 2004-2005. Design: Roadside daylight seat belt observation and interview survey methods were used, as well as observations from inside taxis during routine trips and a taxi driver focus group. The setting was Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China in April of 2006 and 2007.Main outcome measures
Prevalence of seat belt use and attitudes to wearing a seat belt were determined, as were vehicle and driver characteristics, and comparisons with other motor-vehicle driver's seat belt use and attitudes.Results
Taxi drivers interviewed were predominantly male and aged 30-39 years. They spent more hours per week in their vehicles and had more driving experience than other drivers. Over half (56.2%) of taxi drivers interviewed reported that they always wore seat belts, while observation of taxi drivers showed lower wearing rates (i.e., roadside observation was 43.8%, and observation from inside taxis was 36.2%). Belt tampering was a practice of 12-15% of taxi drivers. “Fine avoidance, safety, high speed and long trips” were given as important reasons for wearing and “feeling trapped and uncomfortable” for not wearing. Seat belt reminder signs in taxis were common (82.6% of taxis), but did not appear to impact on driver seat belt use.Conclusion
The four research methods found taxi drivers to have consistently low “correct wearing” rates.Impact on industry
As in several other countries, taxi drivers are particularly resistant to seat belt use. Innovative strategies, including occupational health and safety approaches, may be required to achieve increased levels of seat belt use. 相似文献185.
Maria T. B. Pimenta Antonio J. F. Carvalho Fabiola Vilaseca Jordi Girones Joan P. López Pere Mutjé Antonio A. S. Curvelo 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2008,16(1):35-39
Treated sisal fibers were used as reinforcement of polypropylene (PP) composites, with maleic anhydride-grafted PP (MAPP)
as coupling agent. The composites were made by melting processing of PP with the fiber in a heated roller followed by multiple
extrusions in a single-screw extruder. Injection molded specimens were produced for the characterization of the material.
In order to improve the adhesion between fiber and matrix and to eliminate odorous substances, sisal fibers were treated with
boiling water and with NaOH solutions at 3 and 10 wt.%. The mechanical properties of the composites were assessed by tensile,
bend and impact tests. Additionally, the morphology of the composites and the adhesion at he fiber–matrix interface were analyzed
by SEM. The fiber treatment led to very light and odorless materials, with yields of 95, 74 and 62 wt.% for treatments with
hot water, 3 and 10 wt.% soda solution respectively. Fiber treatment caused an appreciable change in fiber characteristics,
yet the mechanical properties under tensile and flexural tests were not influenced by that treatment. Only the impact strength
increased in the composites with alkali-treated sisal fibers. 相似文献
186.
Miquel Porta Manuel Jariod Toms Lpez Jos Pumarega Elisa Puigdomnech Esther Marco Núria Malats Joan O. Grimalt Francisco X. Real for the PANKRAS II Study Group 《Environment international》2009,35(7):1080-1085
IntroductionWhen studying the effects of organochlorine compounds (OCs) on human health it is common to correct serum concentrations of OC by total lipids (TL). However, the relationship between serum OCs and serum TL is far from established in many diseases, including several cancers. Our aim was to analyze the relationship between serum OC and TL in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), and to explore several alternatives to perform the OC lipid correction.MethodsIncident cases of PDA were interviewed and had blood drawn soon around hospital admission (n = 144). Serum concentrations of OCs were analysed by high-resolution gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.ResultsMost patients with high TL had moderate or low concentrations of OCs. By contrast, the variability of OC values among patients with normal TL was large. Correlations were of a similar magnitude between OC and TL and between OC and total cholesterol; while these correlations were weak (all Spearman's ρ < 0.3 and R2 < 0.11), no OC were significantly correlated with triglycerides. Although all alternatives to the OC/TL linear ratio were statistically significant for at least one OC, their R2 was always below 10%.ConclusionsIn patients with severe diseases as PDA, linear correction of OC by TL as commonly performed in epidemiologic studies may be inappropriate. Results contribute to the scant literature on the rationale to correct serum concentrations of OC by lipids. They suggest that it is unwarranted to routinely correct OC by TL, offer ways to assess such need, and present alternatives as no TL correction, correction by total cholesterol only or use of different statistical models. 相似文献
187.
Concentrations of heavy metals in urban soils of Talcahuano (Chile): a preliminary study 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Tume P Bech J Sepulveda B Tume L Bech J 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,140(1-3):91-98
Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the top-(0–10 cm) and sub-surface (10–20 cm) soils of the Talcahuano urban area
were measured. The main soil properties (organic matter, CaCO3, pH, particle sizes) were determined for a network of representative sampling sites. The mean Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn contents
in the urban topsoil samples from Talcahuano (37.8, 22.6, 35.2, 333 mg kg−1, respectively) were compared with mean concentrations for other cities around the world. The results revealed higher concentrations
of heavy metals in topsoil samples than in sub-surface samples. The samples from IS1, IS2, and IS3, located in the Talcahuano
industrial park, had higher Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn contents than did samples from the other sites. This was probably due to local
pollution by industrial (metallurgical) dust, although other diffuse pollution throughout the entire port region (shipyards,
metallurgy, the dismantling of old ships), and contributions from the wind from adjacent industrial, storage, and vessel areas
clearly played a role. Heavy metals were lowest in the sample taken on school grounds (SG). 相似文献
188.
Marull Joan Delgadillo Olga Cattaneo Claudio La Rota María José Krausmann Fridolin 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(4):1073-1087
Regional Environmental Change - Agroecosystems are facing a global challenge amidst a socioecological transition that places them in a dilemma between increasing land-use intensity to meet the... 相似文献
189.
Bruno Fady Joan Cottrell Lennart Ackzell Ricardo Alía Bart Muys Arantxa Prada Santiago C. González-Martínez 《Regional Environmental Change》2016,16(4):927-939
The conservation and sustainable use of forests in the twenty-first century pose huge challenges for forest management and policy. Society demands that forests provide a wide range of ecosystem services, from timber products, raw materials and renewable energy to sociocultural amenities and habitats for nature conservation. Innovative management and policy approaches need to be developed to meet these often-conflicting demands in a context of environmental change of uncertain magnitude and scale. Genetic diversity is a key component of resilience and adaptability. Overall, forest tree populations are genetically very diverse, conferring them an enormous potential for genetic adaptation via the processes of gene flow and natural selection. Here, we review the main challenges facing our forests in the coming century and focus on how recent progress in genetics can contribute to the development of appropriate practical actions that forest managers and policy makers can adopt to promote forest resilience to climate change. Emerging knowledge will inform and clarify current controversies relating to the choice of appropriate genetic resources for planting, the effect of silvicultural systems and stand tending on adaptive potential and the best ways to harness genetic diversity in breeding and conservation programs. Gaps in our knowledge remain, and we identify where additional information is needed (e.g., the adaptive value of peripheral populations or the genetic determinism of key adaptive traits) and the types of studies that are required to provide this key understanding. 相似文献
190.
Lucas A. Salas Laia Font-Riber Mariona Bustamante Lauro Sumoy Joan O. Grimalt Sarah Bonnin Maria Aguilar Heidi Mattlin Manuela Hummel Anna Ferrer Manolis Kogevinas Cristina M. Villanueva 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(8):250-261
Exposure to disinfection by-products(DBP) such as trihalomethanes(THM) in swimming pools has been linked to adverse health effects in humans, but their biological mechanisms are unclear. We evaluated short-term changes in blood gene expression of adult recreational swimmers after swimming in a chlorinated pool. Volunteers swam 40 min in an indoor chlorinated pool. Blood samples were drawn and four THM(chloroform,bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform) were measured in exhaled breath before and after swimming. Intensity of physical activity was measured as metabolic equivalents(METs). Gene expression in whole blood m RNA was evaluated using Illumina Human HT-12v3 Expression-Bead Chip. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the relationship between gene expression changes and THM exposure. Thirty-seven before-after pairs were analyzed. The median increase from baseline to after swimming were: 0.7 to 2.3 for MET, and 1.4 to 7.1 μg/m~3 for exhaled total THM(sum of the four THM).Exhaled THM increased on average 0.94 μg/m~3 per 1 MET. While 1643 probes were differentially expressed post-exposure. Of them, 189 were also associated with exhaled levels of individual/total THM or MET after False Discovery Rate. The observed associations with the exhaled THM were low to moderate(Log-fold change range:-0.17 to 0.15). In conclusion, we identified short-term gene expression changes associated with swimming in a pool that were minor in magnitude and their biological meaning was unspecific. The high collinearity between exhaled THM levels and intensity of physical activity precluded mutually adjusted models with both covariates. These exploratory results should be validated in future studies. 相似文献