首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   420篇
  免费   6篇
  国内免费   2篇
安全科学   24篇
废物处理   16篇
环保管理   104篇
综合类   53篇
基础理论   77篇
污染及防治   82篇
评价与监测   23篇
社会与环境   36篇
灾害及防治   13篇
  2023年   4篇
  2022年   2篇
  2021年   3篇
  2020年   5篇
  2019年   8篇
  2018年   6篇
  2017年   6篇
  2016年   16篇
  2015年   6篇
  2014年   12篇
  2013年   39篇
  2012年   23篇
  2011年   13篇
  2010年   17篇
  2009年   27篇
  2008年   25篇
  2007年   18篇
  2006年   19篇
  2005年   18篇
  2004年   15篇
  2003年   12篇
  2002年   6篇
  2001年   11篇
  2000年   11篇
  1999年   4篇
  1998年   5篇
  1997年   7篇
  1996年   8篇
  1995年   5篇
  1994年   7篇
  1993年   2篇
  1992年   10篇
  1991年   11篇
  1990年   2篇
  1989年   6篇
  1987年   2篇
  1985年   3篇
  1984年   2篇
  1983年   2篇
  1982年   4篇
  1981年   3篇
  1980年   5篇
  1979年   3篇
  1978年   1篇
  1977年   1篇
  1975年   3篇
  1973年   1篇
  1972年   3篇
  1971年   2篇
  1970年   2篇
排序方式: 共有428条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
111.
Marine phytoplankton have been shown to use chemical feeding deterrents to reduce or inhibit zooplankton grazing. In order to screen phytoplankton species for feeding deterrent production and to isolate and identify feeding deterrent compounds, a new, rapid, and reliable laboratory bioassay was developed. This bioassay used the laboratory-reared harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus californicus and measured inhibition of feeding by measuring the fecal pellet production rate. The bioassay was capable of detecting deterrent compounds: (1) adsorbed onto ground fish food (a normally palatable food); (2) dissolved in a mixture of seawater and live Thalassiosira pseudonana cells (a species of diatom which had no feeding deterrent activity); and (3) present in live cell cultures. Method (2) was recommended for use in bioassay-guided fractionation (isolation of chemical compounds), as it was reliable, rapid, accurate, and easy to perform with large numbers of samples. The total bioassay time was < 48 h, and data collection required only a microscope. Methanolic cell extracts of several phytoplankton species were screened for feeding deterrent activity. Extracts from the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax grindleyi gave feeding deterrent responses, while extracts from the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana gave no feeding deterrent responses. Live P. tricornutum cells deterred feeding at densities of 6x105 cells ml-1. This bioassay should provide a valuable tool in screening phytoplankton for feeding deterrent compounds and determining the chemical nature of these compounds.  相似文献   
112.
Management agencies are considering introducing the Suminoe oyster Crassostrea ariakensis into Chesapeake Bay, USA. It is unknown if the growth of feral populations of this non-native oyster would be regulated by the same predators that once controlled the abundance of the native eastern oyster C. virginica. In laboratory studies, we compared the relative susceptibility of juvenile diploids (shell height < 25 mm) of both oyster species to invertebrate predators of eastern oyster juveniles. Predators included four species of mud crabs [Rhithropanopeus harrisii (carapace width 7–11 mm), Eurypanopeus depressus (6–21 mm), Dyspanopeus sayi (8–20 mm), and Panopeus herbstii (9–29 mm)], the blue crab Callinectes sapidus (35–65 mm), and two sizes of polyclad flatworms (Stylochus ellipticus and possibly Euplana gracilis; planar area ≲5 mm2 and ∼14 to 88 mm2). All four species of mud crab and the blue crab preyed significantly (ANOVA, P ≤ 0.05) more on C. ariakensis than on C. virginica, but predation by flatworms of both sizes did not differ significantly between oyster species. The greater susceptibility of C. ariakensis to crab predation was likely due to its shell compression strength being 64% lower than that of C. virginica (P = 0.005). To test for predator-induced enhancement of shell strength, we held oysters of both species for 54 days in the presence of, but protected from, C. sapidus and R. harrisii. Crabs were fed congeneric oysters twice weekly within each aquarium. Compared to controls, shell strength of C. virginica exposed to R. harrisii increased significantly (P < 0.043), as did shell strength of both oyster species exposed to C. sapidus (P < 0.01). Despite the changes in shell strength by both oyster species in the presence of C. sapidus, the shell of C. ariakensis remained 57% weaker than C. virginica. We conclude that, because C. ariakensis exposed to predators continued to have a weaker shell relative to C. virginica, the natural suite of crab and flatworm predators in Chesapeake Bay will likely serve to control the abundance of feral C. ariakensis. We caution that the situation in the natural environment may be sufficiently different in some locations that C. ariakensis may be able to compensate for its greater vulnerability to crab predation and hence become a nuisance species.  相似文献   
113.
Development of objective measurements is an important requirement for establishing performance-based standards for protective clothing used while handling pesticide. This study, the second in a two-part series, reports on the work completed to evaluate the performance of approximately 100 fabrics that are either used or have the potential to be used for garments worn by operators while applying pesticides. Part I, published separately, provides an overview of these issues and describes research undertaken to select a test chemical for use in subsequent studies. The goals of this study were first to develop a comprehensive approach to evaluate the performance of garments currently being used by pesticide operators, and second, to use the laboratory and field data in the development of performance specifications.  相似文献   
114.
This paper presents an approach that allows production of benthic substrate and habitat maps in fjord environments. This approach is used to support the management of the Gilbert Bay Marine Protected Area (MPA) in southeastern Labrador, Atlantic Canada. Multibeam sonar-derived bathymetry, seabed slope, and acoustic reflectance (backscatter) were combined using supervised classification methods and GIS with ground-truthed benthic sampling in order to derive maps of the substrates and main benthic habitats. Six acoustically distinct substrate types were identified in the fjord, and three additional substrate types without a unique acoustic signature were recognized. Ordination by multidimensional scaling and analysis of similarity generalized these to four acoustically distinct habitat types. Greatest within-habitat (alpha) diversity was found in the coralline-algae encrusted gravel habitat. Greatest between-habitat (beta) diversity was found in the management Zones 1 and 2, which have the highest level of protection. The study confirmed that the zoning plan for the MPA, which was designed to protect spawning and juvenile fish habitat for a local genetically distinct population of Atlantic cod, afforded highest levels of protection to areas with highest habitat diversity.  相似文献   
115.
The developmental status, projected costs, and environmental effects of 14 flue gas treatment processes are compared on a common basis in two consecutive issues of JAPCA. Part I summarized the background and study basis and Part II compares environmental impact and relative costs. Each process is assumed to be associated with a grass roots installation that includes a modern 800 MW power plant burning Illinois No. 6 coal. Also considered is the effectiveness of these processes to control particulate matter, NOx, trace inorganics, and polyorganic matter.

The processes are divided into those operating once-through (Limestone, Lime, Limestone and Lime, Dual-Alkali), and with regeneration (Magnesia, Wellman-Lord, Citrate, Aqueous Carbonate, IFP-Catalytic Inc., Copper-Dry Bed, and Carbon-Dry Bed). Also analyzed are NOx control processes that are compatible with scrubbers or dry processes, and include the Exxon Thermal DeNOx, Ozone NO Oxidation, and Copper and Carbon-Dry Bed.  相似文献   
116.
117.
118.
119.
First reported in 1990, PGD has evolved into a complementary form of prenatal diagnosis offering novel indications. DNA for PGD can be recovered with equal safety and facility from polar bodies I and II, blastomere (8 cell embryo) and trophectoderm (5–6 day blastocyst). Diagnostic accuracy is very high (>99%) for both chromosomal abnormalities and single gene disorders. Traditional application of FISH with chromosome specific probes for detecting aneuploidy and translocations may be replaced or complemented by array comparative genome hybridization (array CGH); biopsied embryos can now be cryopreserved (vitrification) while analysis proceeds in orderly fashion. PGD has been accomplished for over 200 different single gene disorders. Novel indications for PGD not readily applicable by traditional prenatal genetic diagnosis include avoiding clinical pregnancy termination, performing preconceptional diagnosis (polar body I), obtaining prenatal diagnosis without disclosure of prenatal genotype (nondisclosure), diagnosing adult-onset disorders particularly cancer, and identifying HLA compatible embryos suitable for recovering umbilical cord blood stem cells. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
120.
MnxCe1- xO2(x: 0.3–0.9) prepared by Pechini method was used as a catalyst for the thermal catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde(HCHO). At x = 0.3 and 0.5, most of the manganese was incorporated in the fluorite structure of Ce O2 to form a solid solution. The catalytic activity was best at x = 0.5, at which the temperature of 100% removal rate is the lowest(270°C). The temperature for 100% removal of HCHO oxidation is reduced by approximately 40°C by loading 5 wt.% Cu Oxinto Mn0.5Ce0.5O2. With ozone catalytic oxidation, HCHO(61 ppm) in gas stream was completely oxidized by adding 506 ppm O3 over Mn0.5Ce0.5O2 catalyst with a GHSV(gas hourly space velocity) of 10,000 hr-1at 25°C. The effect of the molar ratio of O3 to HCHO was also investigated. As O3/HCHO ratio was increased from 3 to 8, the removal efficiency of HCHO was increased from 83.3% to 100%. With O3/HCHO ratio of 8, the mineralization efficiency of HCHO to CO2 was 86.1%. At 25°C, the p-type oxide semiconductor(Mn0.5Ce0.5O2) exhibited an excellent ozone decomposition efficiency of 99.2%,which significantly exceeded that of n-type oxide semiconductors such as Ti O2, which had a low ozone decomposition efficiency(9.81%). At a GHSV of 10,000 hr-1, [O3]/[HCHO] = 3 and temperature of 25°C, a high HCHO removal efficiency(≥ 81.2%) was maintained throughout the durability test of 80 hr, indicating the long-term stability of the catalyst for HCHO removal.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号