Book reviews

Land and Leisure — Concepts and Methods in Outdoor Recreation

Second Edition — edited by C. S. Von Doren, G. B. Priddle and J. E. Lewis.

Methuen & Co., £5.95. 1979.

Countryside Planning — The First Three Decades, 1945–76

Andrew W. Gilg.

Methuen & Co. £3.50. 1979.

Social Problems and the City

D. T. Herbert and D. M. Smith

Oxford University Press. £8.50. 271 pp.

Slum Housing and Residential Renewal — The Case of Urban Britain

D. A. Kirby

Topics in Applied Geography Series. Longmans. £2.95. 1979.

From Blacksmiths to White Elephants: Benwell's Changing Shops

Benwell Community Project Final Report, Series No. 7, Newcastle upon Tyne 1979. 72 pp. 80p.

The Debate on Urban Policy — Decentralisation versus Improvement

Robert Coursey

Retailing and Planning Associates 1977. 93 pp.

Urban Deprivation and Government Initiatives

Paul Lawless

Faber. £8.95 (hard‐back), 251 pp.

A Guide to Historic Buildings Law Fourth Edition

Peace, D., and Purdy, I. M.

Cambridgeshire County Council, County Planning Department, 1979.

98 pp. (paperback), £5.35 post paid.

Research and Intelligence

Papers delivered at the Annual Conference 1978, Inlogov University of Birmingham Edited by E. M. Davies

£4.30. 257 pp.

Geography and the Urban Environment : Progress in Research and Applications

Vol. II. Edited by D. T. Herbert, R. J. Johnston.

Wiley, London. 308 pp.

Facts about the New Towns : A Socio‐Economic Digest

A. G. Champion, K. Clegg and R. L. Davies

R.P.A., Corbridge, 1978.

Physical Planning in the Member States of the E.E.C.

C. Wood and N. Lee, Occasional Paper No. 2.

Department of Town and Country Planning, University of Manchester, 1978. 59pp.     

Reproductive behavior in the female shiner perch Cymatogaster aggregata

Female shiner perch, Cymatogaster aggregata Gibbons, initiate and display reproductive behaviors that are similar to behaviors shown by males during their reproductive cycle. No consistent quantitative differences in behavior are found when females in three reproductive states are compared.     

Book reviews

ENGLISH STRUCTURE PLANNING

Eds: D. T. Cross and M. R. Bristow

Pion Ltd., London, 1983. £16.00.

AN INTRODUCTION TO URBAN RENEWAL

Michael S. Gibson and Michael J. Longstaff

London: Hutchinson, 1982. 384 pp.

INTEGRATED URBAN MODELS

S. H. Putman

Pion Ltd., 1983, 332 pp.

EXPLANATION PREDICTION AND PLANNING: THE LOWRY MODEL

M. T. Webber

Pion Ltd., London, 1984, 214 pp.

THE GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF METROPOLITAN AREAS IN WESTERN DEMOCRACIES

Alan Norton

Institute of Local Government Studies, University of Birmingham, 1983, 57 pp.

THE MANAGEMENT OF SEMI‐NATURAL WOODLAND

County Planning Officers’ Society (available from Hampshire County Planning Dept., price £2.00).     

Influence of sewage inputs and fish farm effluents on dissolved nitrogen species in a chalk river

Nitrate, ammonium and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentrations were measured in the lower reaches of the River Test in Hampshire to assess the impact of two effluent point sources. An 18-month survey from July 2001 to December 2002 was carried out at locations above and below fish farm inputs and a sewage effluent outfall. The concentration of nitrate exceeded 400 M at the four sites on all sample dates. A consistent increase in ammonium concentration was measured downstream of the fish farm, but not the sewage effluent input. DON samples collected downstream of the fish farm did not show a consistent increase in concentration, compared with the upstream sampling location, whereas the sewage effluent input at Romsey was a point source of DON to the River Test with a mean increase of 15 M. Nitrate was the major component of dissolved nitrogen in this aquifer-fed chalk-bed river system, with up to 10% being DON and ammonium comprising <1%.     

The determination of trace metal pollutants in environmental matrices using ion chromatography

A review is presented detailing the development of ion chromatography (IC) as a selective analytical tool for the determination of toxic metals and their organic species in many environmental sample matrices. A brief outline of ion chromatographic principles, together with an overview of the stationary phases used to separate metals, namely ion exchangers, modified ion pair sorbents and chelating ion exchangers, and the methods for detecting metal ions including hyphenation with spectroscopy and sample preparation schemes are also given, prior to a critical examination of developed methods for various metals including arsenic, chromium, cadmium, lead, mercury, beryllium, aluminium and uranium since 1990.     

MANAGING TAIWAN'S RESERVOIR WATERSHEDS BY THE ZONING APPROACH1

ABSTRACT: For many years, a commonly used strategy for source water protection in Taiwan has been setting up arbitrary, fixed‐width buffer zones near sensitive waters, such as water‐supply reservoirs, and prohibiting any development in their watersheds. However, such regulations are now often viewed as infringing by the government on landowners' property rights, a situation that has led to citizen protests. This paper describes a proposed strategy that is water‐quality based and uses a quantitative zoning approach. A reservoir's watershed is divided into several zones beginning from the normal water line to the divide. Different levels of best management practices (BMPs) are required for controlling runoff pollution in different zones. The layout of the management zones is based on a number of factors such as reservoir classification, water quality conditions, and physical characteristics of the watershed. The goal of promoting such an approach is to try to balance the needs of watershed development and water quality protection. A case study using the Tapu Reservoir Watershed in Northern Taiwan as an example for illustrating the proposed zoning approach is presented.     

Evaluation and Improvement of a Dry Deposition Model using SO2 and O3 Measurements over a Mixed Forest

A dry deposition model (RDM) for operational application has beenevaluated and modified in the present study. Field measurements of friction velocity and dry deposition velocity of SO₂ andO₃ over a mixed forest have been used to evaluate RDM. It was found that RDM predicts friction velocities very close to measurements and thus it can predict reasonable aerodynamic resistance. RDM overestimated O₃ deposition during dry nighttime conditions and underestimated both O₃ andSO₂deposition for early morning hours. It could not predict the mean diurnal variation in deposition velocity for either O₃ or SO₂ deposition under wet surface conditions. Modifications have been made for O₃ and SO₂ dry deposition based on the comparison of results and based upon additional published data. Compared to an earlier version of RDM, the modified versionpredicts better results for O₃ and SO₂ dry deposition,especially under rain and dew conditions.     

Sex-specific reproductive behaviours and paternity in free-ranging Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus)

In a wide variety of species, male reproductive success is determined by contest for access to females. Among multi-male primate groups, however, factors in addition to male competitive ability may also influence paternity outcome, although their exact nature and force is still largely unclear. Here, we have investigated in a group of free-ranging Barbary macaques whether paternity is determined on the pre- or postcopulatory level and how male competitive ability and female direct mate choice during the female fertile phase are related to male reproductive success. Behavioural observations were combined with faecal hormone analysis for timing of the fertile phase (13 cycles, 8 females) and genetic paternity analysis (n = 12). During the fertile phase, complete monopolisation of females did not occur. Females were consorted for only 49% of observation time, and all females had ejaculatory copulations with several males. Thus, in all cases, paternity was determined on the postcopulatory level. More than 80% of infants were sired by high-ranking males, and this reproductive skew was related to both, male competitive ability and female direct mate choice as high-ranking males spent more time in consort with females than low-ranking males, and females solicited copulations mainly from dominant males. As most ejaculatory copulations were female-initiated, female direct mate choice appeared to have the highest impact on male reproductive success. However, female preference was not directly translated into paternity, as fathers were not preferred over non-fathers in terms of solicitation, consortship and mating behaviour. Collectively, our data show that in the Barbary macaque, both sexes significantly influence male mating success, but that sperm of several males generally compete within the female reproductive tract and that therefore paternity is determined by mechanisms operating at the postcopulatory level.     

Coastal hazards and community-coping methods in Bangladesh

Addressing one of the most vulnerable coastal communities in Bangladesh, this paper explores people’s perception and vulnerabilities to coastal hazards. At the same time, it investigates the methods that communities apply to cope with different coastal hazards. Findings revealed that people perceived an increase in both the intensity of hazards and their vulnerabilities. In spite of having a number of socio-economic and locational factors enhancing their vulnerabilities, the community is creating their own ways to cope with these hazards. For different aspects of life like shelter, employment, water supply, and health, communities apply different coping methods that vary with the types of hazard. Efforts have also been made by governments and NGOs to manage coastal hazards. By highlighting both community-coping methods and efforts of development organizations, this paper attempts to devise an integrated approach for managing the coastal hazards that occur in Bangladesh.