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131.
Correlation between the seasonal distribution of harbour porpoises and their prey in the Sound,Baltic Sea 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Signe?SveegaardEmail author Heidi?Andreasen Kim?N.?Mouritsen Jens?Peder?Jeppesen Jonas?Teilmann Carl?C.?Kinze 《Marine Biology》2012,159(5):1029-1037
Low densities of harbour porpoises in winter (November–March) and high densities in summer (April–October) were found in the
Sound, connecting the Baltic Sea and Kattegat. Due to their high energy requirements, it is hypothesized that the density
of harbour porpoises is related to local prey abundance. This was tested by examining the stomach content of 53 harbour porpoises
collected between 1987 and 2010 in the Sound (high season, 34 porpoises; low season, 19 porpoises). A total of 1,442 individual
fish specimens from thirteen species were identified. Twelve of these were present in the high–porpoise density season and
seven in the low-density season. The distribution of occurrence and the distribution of number of fish species were different
between seasons, indicating a shift in prey intake between seasons. Furthermore, during the high-density season, the mean
and total prey weight per stomach as well as the prey species diversity was higher. However, no difference was found in the
number of prey species between the two seasons, indicating a higher quality of prey in the high-density season. Atlantic cod
was found to be the main prey species in terms of weight in the high-density season while Atlantic herring and Atlantic cod
were equally important during the low-density season. Prey availability and predictability are suggested as the main drivers
for harbour porpoise distribution, and this could be caused by the formation of frontal zones in spring in the northern part
of the Sound, leading to prey concentrations in predictable areas. 相似文献
132.
133.
S. Nilsson A. Shvidenko M. Jonas I. McCallum A. Thomson H. Balzter 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(4-5):425-441
We discuss the background and methods for estimating uncertainty in a holistic manner in a regional terrestrial biota Full Carbon Account (FCA) using our experience in generating such an account for vast regions in northern Eurasia (at national and macroregional levels). For such an analysis, it is important to (1) provide a full account; (2) consider the relevance of a verified account, bearing in mind further transition to a certified account; (3) understand that any FCA is a fuzzy system; and (4) understand that a comprehensive assessment of uncertainties requires multiple harmonizing and combining of system constraints from results obtained by different methods. An important result of this analysis is the conclusion that only a relevant integration of inventory, process-based models, and measurements in situ generate sufficient prerequisites for a verified FCA. We show that the use of integrated methodology, at the current level of knowledge, and the system combination of available information, allow a verified FCA for large regions of the northern hemisphere to be made for current periods and for the recent past. 相似文献
134.
Daniel Lieberman Matthias Jonas Wilfried Winiwarter Zbigniew Nahorski Sten Nilsson 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(4-5):421-424
The assessment of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted to and removed from the atmosphere is high on both political and scientific agendas internationally. As increasing international concern and cooperation aim at policy-oriented solutions to the climate change problem, several issues have begun to arise regarding verification and compliance under both proposed and legislated schemes meant to reduce the human-induced global climate impact. The approaches to addressing uncertainty introduced in this article attempt to improve national inventories or to provide a basis for the standardization of inventory estimates to enable comparison of emissions and emission changes across countries. Authors of the accompanying articles use detailed uncertainty analyses to enforce the current structure of the emission trading system and attempt to internalize high levels of uncertainty by tailoring the emissions trading market rules. Assessment of uncertainty can help improve inventories and manage risk. Through recognizing the importance of, identifying and quantifying uncertainties, great strides can be made in the process of Accounting for Climate Change. 相似文献