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471.
Han-Sam Yoon Yong Min Yi Kijune Sung Soyoung Park 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2017,21(1):145-152
The vegetation effects on changes of soil physicochemical properties and microbial activities in the costal sand dune were investigated to understand the roles of vegetation on sand dune ecosystem. Eight sites from six vegetation zones and two bare zones in the dune front, dune crest, and dune back regions were selected. Soil microbial enzyme activities of β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, and dehydrogenase, and soil physicochemical properties of each site were evaluated. The results showed that all the enzyme activities were higher in the mixed vegetation sites with native sand dune plants and naturalized plants and in Pinus thunbergii community site both located in the dune back regions where the accumulation of organic matter and nitrogen were more prominent. The results demonstrated that soil organic matter and nutrients are the primary determinants of the microbial activity in sand dune where are exposed to a gradient of physicochemical stress such as high salinity, moisture and salt spray. Therefore, the conservation of vegetation that generates more soil organic matter and nutrients is important factor in controlling the soil microbial activities and biogeochemical cycles in the coastal sand dune systems. 相似文献
472.
Haque Md. Morshedul Niloy Nahin Mostofa Nayna Omme K. Fatema Konica J. Quraishi Shamshad B. Park Ji-Hyung Kim Kyoung-Woong Tareq Shafi M. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(34):42582-42599
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Ganges River is one of the biggest transboundary streams in the Indian sub-continent. The significant part of this waterway channel drains one of... 相似文献
473.
Choon-Ki Na Hyunju Park Eun Hea Jho 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(29):22980-22989
During solar salt production, large quantities of bittern, a liquid by-product containing high inorganic substance concentrations, are produced. The purpose of this research was to examine the utilization of waste bittern generated from salterns as a source for Mg production and as an absorbent for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture. The study was conducted in a sequential two-step process. At NaOH/Mg molar ratios of 2.70–2.75 and pH 9.5–10.0, > 99% Mg precipitation from the bittern was achieved. After washing with water, 100–120 g/L of precipitate containing 94% Mg(OH)2 was recovered from the bittern. At the optimum NH4OH concentration of 5%, 120 g of sodium bicarbonate precipitate per liter of bittern were recovered, which was equivalent to 63 g CO2 captured per liter of bittern. These results can be used to support the use of bittern as a resource and reduce economic losses during solar salt production. 相似文献
474.
Optimizing Agricultural Best Management Practices in a Lake Erie Watershed 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Jongcheol Pyo Sang‐Soo Baek Minjeong Kim Sanghun Park Hyuk Lee Jin‐Sung Ra Kyung Hwa Cho 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2017,53(6):1281-1292
Implementing agricultural best management practices (BMPs) is influenced by a balance of desired environmental outcomes, economic feasibility, and stakeholder familiarity, the latter taken to be related to BMP acceptability. To explore this balance, we developed a multi‐objective decision support system for allocating BMP type and placement by coupling the Soil and Water Assessment Tool with a nondominated sorted genetic algorithm that minimizes total phosphorus (TP) yields from agricultural hydrologic response units (HRUs) and costs, while using stakeholder BMP familiarity as a constraint; conventional tillage, no tillage, nutrient management, riparian buffers, and contour cropping were explored. Using constraints representing current conditions, the optimization resulted in 59.6 to 81.0% reduction in agricultural TP yield from HRUs at costs ranging between US $0.8 and US $5.3 million. The constrained optimization tended to select mostly single BMPs or at most two BMPs for a given HRU due to these BMPs having higher acceptability to stakeholders. In contrast, the unconstrained case, representing full familiarity, selected 2‐ and 3‐BMP applications. There was little difference in costs between the constrained and unconstrained cases below an 80% TP yield reduction; however, significant differences were found at larger reductions, supporting the value of stakeholder education and extension efforts. Editor's note : This paper is part of the featured series on SWAT Applications for Emerging Hydrologic and Water Quality Challenges. See the February 2017 issue for the introduction and background to the series. 相似文献
475.
Zhaohao Shi Christopher A. Baker Sang In Lee Si Hong Park Sun Ae Kim 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(9):602-608
Salmonella serovars, one of the leading contributors to foodborne illness and are especially problematic for foods that are not cooked before consumption, such as fresh produce. The shipping containers that are used to transport and store fresh produce may play a role in cross contamination and subsequent illnesses. However, methods for quantitatively attached cells are somewhat variable. The overall goal of this study was to compare conventional plating with molecular methods for quantitating attached representative strains for Salmonella Typhimurium and Heidelberg on reusable plastic containers (RPC) coupons, respectively. We attached Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028 and serovar Heidelberg SL486 (parent and an antibiotic resistant marker strain) to plastic coupons (2.54 cm2) derived from previously used shipping containers by growing for 72 h in tryptic soy broth. The impact of the concentration of sanitizer on log reductions between unsanitized and sanitized coupons was evaluated by exposing attached S. Typhimurium cells to 200 ppm and 200,000 ppm sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). Differences in sanitizer effectiveness between serovars were also evaluated with attached S. Typhimurium compared to attached S. Heidelberg populations after being exposed to 200 ppm peracetic acid (PAA). Treatment with NaClO caused an average of 2.73 ± 0.23 log CFU of S. Typhimurium per coupon removed with treatment at 200 ppm while 3.36 ± 0.54 log CFU were removed at 200,000 ppm. Treatment with PAA caused an average of 2.62 ± 0.15 log CFU removed for S. Typhimurium and 1.41 ± 0.17 log CFU for S. Heidelberg (parent) and 1.61 ± 0.08 log CFU (marker). Lastly, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualize cell attachment and coupon surface topography. SEM images showed that remaining attached cell populations were visible even after sanitizer application. Conventional plating and qPCR yielded similar levels of enumerated bacterial populations indicating a high concordance between the two methods. Therefore, qPCR could be used for the rapid quantification of Salmonella attached on RPC. 相似文献
476.
Hyokeun Park Michael G. Ikonomou Hee-Sun Kim Jong-Woo Choi Yoon-Seok Chang 《Environment international》2009,35(3):580-587
To assess occupational exposure, we determined the concentrations of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in human serum samples from 26 incinerator workers (10 industrial waste and 16 municipal solid waste incinerator workers), 38 residents near the facilities and 7 inhabitants (as control subjects) living over 10 km away from any incinerator facilities in Korea. The mean TEQWHO levels of PCDD/Fs in the industrial and MSWI workers were 41.57 and 9.86 pg TEQWHO g? 1 lipid, respectively. For the residents, the mean TEQWHO was 13.47 pg TEQWHO g? 1 lipid (residents near IWI, MSWI, and control subjects: 17.64, 13.31, and 6.91 pg TEQWHO g? 1 lipid). Higher levels of certain PCDD/F congeners, mainly PCDFs, were detected in the serum of industrial incinerator workers in comparison to the levels measured in the residents. Significant differences were observed for PCDFs, the major compounds were OCDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF, and the minor components 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF, 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF, and 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF (p < 0.01). The PCDD/F congener patterns and concentrations measured in the 71 serum samples examined suggest that the industrial incinerator workers were exposed to PCDD/Fs in the workplace, possibly through inhalation and/or skin contact. In contrast, the levels and congener patterns of PCBs measured were similar in all subjects, indicating that workers from the incinerator facilities examined were not subjected to additional exposure to these compounds. 相似文献
477.
Ju-Myon Park James C. Rock Lingjuan Wang Yong-Chil Seo Amit Bhatnagar Seongheon Kim 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(2):280-289
The present study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the performance of six different aerosol samplers in terms of mass concentration, particle size distribution, and mass fraction for the international size-sampling conventions. The international size-sampling criteria were defined as inhalable, thoracic, and respirable mass fractions with 50% cutoff at an aerodynamic equivalent diameter of 100 μm, 10 μm, and 4 μm, respectively. Two Andersen, four total suspended particulate (TSP), two RespiCon, four PM10, two DustTrak, and two SidePak samplers were selected and tested to quantitatively estimate human exposure in a carefully controlled particulate matter (PM) test chamber. The overall results indicate that (1) Andersen samplers underestimate total suspended PM and overestimate thoracic and respirable PM due to particle bounce and carryover between stages, (2) TSP samplers provide total suspended PM as reference samplers, (3) TSP samplers quantified by a coulter counter multisizer provide no information below an equivalent spherical diameter of 2 μm and therefore underestimate respirable PM, (4) RespiCon samplers are free from particle bounce as inhalable samplers but underestimate total suspended PM, (5) PM10 samplers overestimate thoracic PM, and (6) DustTrak and SidePak samplers provide relative PM concentrations instead of absolute PM concentrations. 相似文献
478.
Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) is performed to quantitatively evaluate all environmental impacts from products, systems, processes and services. However, LCIA does not always provide valuable information for choosing among alternatives with different specifications, functionalities and lifetimes. The objectives of this study are (1) to propose environmental indicators to evaluate environmental efficiency and value qualitatively and quantitatively on the basis of analogies to financial and economic indicators, and (2) to present the application of the indicators. Incremental evaluation using a reference is employed to obtain the environmental indicators. The environmental efficiency indicators are conceptually based on the ratios of reduced environmental burdens returned to environmental burdens required: environmental return on investment, environmental payback period and environmental internal rate of return. The environmental value indicator is the sum of all reduced and required environmental burdens: i.e., environmental net present value. All the environmental indicators can be used to compare and rank the environmental efficiencies or values of alternatives. The environmental efficiency indicators can be applied to a new environmental labeling. The concept of eco-efficiency labeling is developed by combining the environmental efficiency indicators with financial indicators. A case study is performed to illustrate the necessity and importance of the environmental indicators. These environmental indicators can help easily communicate LCIA results in the field of environmental management. 相似文献
479.
SuJin Kang HeeJin Hwang Sunni Kang YooMyung Park HyeKyeong Kim Chul-Un Ro 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(22-23):3445-3453
A quantitative single-particle analytical technique, called low-Z particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis, combined with the utilization of their morphological information on individual particles, was applied to characterize six aerosol samples collected in one Korean city, Incheon, during March 9–15, 2006. The collected supermicron aerosol particles were classified based on their chemical species and morphology on a single-particle basis. Many different particle types were identified and their emission source, transport, and reactivity in the air were elucidated. In the samples, particles in the “soil-derived particles” group were the most abundant, followed by “reacted sea-salts”, “reacted CaCO3-containing particles”, “genuine sea-salts”, “reacted sea-salts + others”, “Fe-containing particles”, “anthropogenic organics”, (NH4)2SO4, “K-containing particles”, and “fly ash”. The application of this single-particle analysis, fully utilizing their chemical compositional and morphological data of individual particles, clearly revealed the different characteristics of the six aerosol samples. For samples S3 and S5, which were sampled during two Asian dust storm events, almost all particles were of soil origin that had not experienced chemical modification and that did not entrain sea-salts during their long-range transport. For sample S1, collected at an episodic period of high PM10 concentration and haze, anthropogenic, secondary, and soil-derived particles emitted from local sources were predominant. For samples S2, S4, and S6, which were collected on average spring days with respect to their PM10 concentrations, marine originated particles were the most abundant. Sample S2 seems to have been strongly influenced by emissions from the Yellow Sea and Korean peninsula, sample S4 had the minimum anthropogenic influence among the four samples collected in the absence of any Asian dust storm event, and sample S6 seems to have entrained air pollutants that had been transported from mainland China over the Yellow Sea to Korea. 相似文献
480.
Water Quality Improvement Policies: Lessons Learned from the Implementation of Proposition O in Los Angeles,California 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article evaluates the implementation of Proposition O, a stormwater cleanup measure, in Los Angeles, California. The
measure was intended to create new funding to help the city comply with the Total Maximum Daily Load requirements under the
federal Clean Water Act. Funding water quality objectives through a bond measure was necessary because the city had insufficient
revenues to deploy new projects in its budget. The bond initiative required a supermajority vote (two-thirds of the voters),
hence the public had to be convinced that such funding both was necessary and would be effective. The bond act language included
project solicitation from the public, as well as multiple benefit objectives. Accordingly, nonprofit organizations mobilized
to present projects that included creating new parks, using schoolyards for flood control and groundwater recharge, and replacing
parking lots with permeable surfaces, among others. Yet few, if any, of these projects were retained for funding, as the city
itself also had a list of priorities and higher technical expertise in justifying them as delivering water quality improvements.
Our case study of the implementation of Proposition O points to the potentially different priorities for the renovation of
urban infrastructure that are held by nonprofit organizations and city agencies and the importance of structuring public processes
clearly so that there are no misimpressions about funding and implementation responsibilities that can lead to disillusionment
with government, especially under conditions of fiscal constraints. 相似文献