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581.
A numerical sharp-interface model of saltwater and freshwater behavior was validated against experiments conducted in two small scale sand tanks. A simple algorithm was proposed to determine saltwater and freshwater withdrawal rates at a pumping well at which a total pumping rate was specified. Model estimates were compared with transient salinity breakthroughs and steady-state salinities of water extracted from pumping wells in the sand tanks. Experimental scenarios included various combinations of freshwater pumping and injection and saltwater pumping. The corresponding Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency was 0.95, which showed that the agreement between observations and computed results was satisfactory. 相似文献
582.
The greenhouse gases (GHGs) generated in municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). In South Korea case, the total of GHGs from the waste incineration facilities has been increasing at an annual rate 10%. In these view, waste incineration facilities should consider to reduce GHG emissions.This study is designed to estimate the N2O emission factors from MSW incineration plants, and calculate the N2O emissions based on these factors. The three MSW incinerators examined in this study were either stoker or both stoker and rotary kiln facilities. The N2O concentrations from the MSW incinerators were measured using gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD) equipment.The average of the N2O emission factors for the M01 plant, M02 plant, and M03 plant are 71, 75, and 153 g-N2O/ton-waste, respectively. These results showed a significant difference from the default values of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC), while approaching those values derived in Japan and Germany. Furthermore, comparing the results of this study to the Korea Energy Economics Institute (KEEI) (2007) data on waste incineration, N2O emissions from MSW incineration comprised 19% of the total N2O emissions. 相似文献
583.
Behera SK Kim DH Shin HS Cho SK Yoon SP Park HS 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2011,31(9-10):2126-2132
The current food waste leachate (FWL) disposal practice in Korea warrants urgent attention and necessary action to develop an innovative and sustainable disposal strategy, which is both environmentally friendly and economically beneficial. In this study, methane production by FWL injection into a municipal solid waste landfill with landfill gas (LFG) recovery facility was evaluated for a period of more than 4 months. With the target of recovering LFG with methane content ~50%, optimum LFG extraction rate was decided by a trial and error approach during the field investigation in five different phases. The results showed that, upon FWL injection, LFG extraction rate of ~20 m(3)/h was reasonable to recover LFG with methane content ~58%. Considering the estimated methane production potential of 31.7 m(3) CH(4) per ton of FWL, methane recovery from the landfill was enhanced by 14%. The scientific findings of this short-term investigation indicates that FWL can be injected into the existing sanitary landfills to tackle the present issue and such landfills with efficient liner and gas collection facility can be utilized as absolute and sustainable environmental infrastructures. 相似文献
584.
Occurrence of perfluorooctanoate and perfluorooctanesulfonate in the Korean water system: implication to water intake exposure 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kim SK Kho YL Shoeib M Kim KS Kim KR Park JE Shin YS 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(5):1167-1173
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) measured in surface running waters indicated the existence of different emission sources in eight main city basins. The tap water reflected the contamination pattern and levels in their corresponding source water basins. The daily intakes through tap water consumption ranged from <0.01 to 0.73 ng kg−1 d−1 for perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and <0.01 to 0.08 ng kg−1 d−1 for perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS). Tap water intake-derived exposure accounted for 8.6%-101% (for PFOA) and while <10% (for PFOS) of total daily exposure, which was estimated from Korean serum concentrations using a pharmacokinetic model. Our findings indicate that tap water intake could be an important contributor to PFOA exposure in Korean populations; accordingly, additional efforts are necessary to improve the removal efficiency of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in the water purification process. However, more fundamentally the aim would be to reduce the discharge of PFCs from potential sources within the basin. 相似文献
585.
Kim Han Na Park Jin Hee 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(9):22835-22842
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Concurrent stabilization of oxyanions such as antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), and heavy metals including lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) in contaminated... 相似文献
586.
Environmentally sustainable applications of agro-based spent mushroom substrate (SMS): an overview 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fatimah Hafifah Mohd Hanafi Shahabaldin Rezania Shazwin Mat Taib Mohd Fadhil Md Din Masahito Yamauchi Mariko Sakamoto Hirofumi Hara Junboum Park Shirin Shafiei Ebrahimi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(3):1383-1396
Agricultural wastes such as lignocellulosic residues are renewable resources can be used for mushroom cultivation. Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is defined as leftover of biomass generated by commercial mushroom industries after harvesting period of mushroom. Mushroom cultivation using agricultural wastes promises a good quality of SMS for producing beneficial products such as animal feeding and fertilizers. Based on the published papers, the major applications of SMS are animal feedstock, fertilizer, energy production and wastewater treatment. For instance, some species of mushroom such as Pleurotus spp. and Agaricus bisporus are suitable for applications of ruminant feedstock and fertilizers. This paper reviews the recent studies about the beneficial usage of SMS which is considered as a waste since 2013. 相似文献
587.
Jihwan Park Insang Jung Kibae Lee Mansoo Kim Jongsoo Hwang Wonhee Choi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(4):1950-1960
Statistics showed that approximately 1,195,000 refrigerator units (116,094 metric tons) were recycled annually in Korea’s formal sector. Although the recycling level for these was satisfactory, collecting and processing polyurethane at recycling centers (RCs) posed several problems, including the risk of fire from the incinerator, the generation of fugitive dust, and the high cost of disposal. The objective of our study is to provide an overview of refrigerator recycling and to introduce polyurethane solid refuse fuel (SRF) manufacturing facilities. These facilities, installed at four regional RCs in Korea, have a capacity of 800 kg/h, a motor of 476 kWh, and cost $664,300 (USD) to construct (criteria two facilities). According to our examination of the physico-chemical properties of SRF product, all results in categories have been satisfied with the quality standards. In terms of finances, RCs can reduce the total disposal cost from $160–175 to $60 by installing facilities, which results in savings of (on average) $180,546 annually. The Metropolitan Electronics Recycling Center, for example, has reduced its costs by $180,880 each year. Their return on investment was calculated to be about 3 years and 8 months (assuming no operating expenses) or 7 years and 4 months (including operating expenses). 相似文献
588.
Srinivasa Reddy Mallampati Chi-Hyeon Lee Min Hee Park Byeong-Kyu Lee 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(1):91-99
The feasibility of the selective surface hydrophilization of poly vinyl chloride (PVC) using microwave treatment to facilitate the separation of PVC via froth flotation from automobile shredder residue (ASR) and electronic waste shredder residue (ESR) was evaluated. In the presence of powder-activated carbon (PAC), 60-s microwave treatment selectively enhanced the hydrophilicity of the PVC surface (i.e., the PVC contact angle decreased from 86.8° to 69.9°). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results are consistent with increased hydrophilic functional groups (i.e., ether, hydroxyl, and carboxyl), amounting to significant changes in the morphology and roughness of the PVC surface after treatment. After only 60 s of microwave treatment, 20 % of the PVC was separated in virgin and ASR/ESR plastics with 33 and 29 % purity, respectively, as settled fractions by froth flotation at a 150 rpm mixing speed. The microwave treatment with the addition of PAC had a synergetic effect with the froth flotation, which brought about 100 and 90 % selective separation of PVC from the other virgin and ASR/ESR plastics, with 91 and 82 % purity. The use of the combined froth flotation and microwave treatments is an effective technology for separating PVC from hazardous waste plastics. 相似文献
589.
Matthew P. Reed Sheila M. Ebert Monica L. H. Jones B.-K. Daniel Park Jason J. Hallman Rini Sherony 《Traffic injury prevention》2018,19(8):S70-S77
AbstractObjective: A test track study was conducted to quantify patterns of adult front seat passenger head motion during abrupt vehicle maneuvers.Method: Eighty-seven men and women with a wide range of body sizes and ages participated in data collection on a closed test track in a passenger sedan under manual control by a test driver. Because a primary goal of the study was to gather “unaware” data, the participants were instructed that the study was concerned with vehicle dynamics and they were required to read from a questionnaire taped to the top of their thighs as the drive began. The first event was a hard brake (approximately 1 g) to a stop from 35?mph (56 kph). Within the space of approximately 5?min the participants also experienced an aggressive lane change, a sharp right turn with simultaneous hard braking, and a second hard braking event. A Microsoft Kinect v2 sensor was positioned to view the area around the front passenger seat. Head location was tracked using the Kinect data with a novel methodology that fit 3D head scan data to the depth data acquired in the vehicle.Result: The mean (standard deviation) forward excursion of the estimated head center of gravity (CG) location in the first braking event was 135 (62) mm. The forward head CG excursion in the second braking event of 115 (51) mm was significantly less than that in the first, but the difference was small relative to the within-condition variance. Head excursion on the second braking trial was less than that on the first trial for 69% of participants. The mean maximum inboard head excursion in lane-change maneuvers was 118 (40) mm. Forward head excursions in braking were significantly smaller for older passengers and those with higher body mass index, but the combined factors accounted for less than 25% of the variance. Inboard head excursion in the lane-change event was significantly related to stature, but only about 7% of variance was related to body size. Head excursions for men and women did not differ significantly after accounting for body size.Discussion: This is the first quantitative occupant dynamics study to use a large, diverse sample of passengers, enabling the exploration of the effects of covariates such as age and body size.Conclusions: The data demonstrate that a relatively large range of head positions can be expected to result from abrupt vehicle maneuvers. The data do not support simple scaling of excursions based on body size. 相似文献
590.
This study focuses on determining the engineering characteristics of asphalt concrete using mineral fillers with recycled waste lime, which is a by-product of the production of soda ash (Na(2)CO(3)). The materials tested in this study were made using a 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% mixing ratio based on the conventional mineral filler ratio to analyze the possibility of using recycled waste lime. The asphalt concretes, made of recycled waste lime, hydrated lime, and conventional asphalt concrete, were evaluated through their fundamental engineering properties such as Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength, resilient modulus, permanent deformation characteristics, moisture susceptibility, and fatigue resistance. The results indicate that the application of recycled waste lime as mineral filler improves the permanent deformation characteristics, stiffness and fatigue endurance of asphalt concrete at the wide range of temperatures. It was also determined that the mixtures with recycled waste lime showed higher resistance against stripping than conventional asphalt concrete. It was concluded from various test results that a waste lime can be used as mineral filler and, especially, can greatly improve the resistance of asphalt concrete to permanent deformation at high temperatures. 相似文献