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101.
Part I of this study deals with the primary energy consumption and CO2eq emissions of a 350 tonnes/h construction and demolition waste (CDW) recycling facility, taking into account incorporated, operation and transportation impacts. It concludes that the generated impacts are mostly concentrated in operation and transportation, and that the impacts prevented through material recycling can be up to one order of magnitude greater than those generated.However, the conditions considered for the plant’s operation and related transportation system may, and very likely will, vary in the near future, which will affect its environmental performance. This performance is particularly affected by the plant’s installed capacity, transportation fuel and input CDW mass. In spite of the variations in overall primary energy and CO2eq balances, the prevented impacts are always higher than the generated impacts, at least by a factor of three and maybe even as high as 16 times in particular conditions. The analysis indicates environmental performance for variations in single parameters, except for the plant’s capacity, which was considered to vary simultaneously with all the others. Extreme best and worst scenarios were also generated to fit the results into extreme limits. 相似文献
102.
Spatio-temporal modeling of benthic biological species 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The spatial and temporal distribution of the number of benthic species located in an important area under ecological stress (Puerto CALICA, Quintana Roo, Mexico) is analyzed by means of Gaussian Spatial Linear Mixed Models. Following a model-based approach we derive spatial predictions taking into account temporal variations between May 1996 and June 1999. The proposed models were evaluated in terms of their ability to detect the underlying spatial structure for further interpolation. Uncertainty in the prediction could be evaluated by using the Bayesian paradigm. The results can be used as a guide for further environmental management policies in the region. 相似文献
103.
Walters J Goh KS Li L Feng H Hernandez J White J 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,82(3):265-280
Carbaryl insecticide was applied by ground spray to plants in urban areas to control a serious insect pest the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata (Say), newly introduced inCalifornia. To assure there are no adverse impacts to human health and the environment from the carbaryl applications, carbaryl was monitored in tank mixtures, air, surface water, foliage and backyard fruits and vegetables.Results from the five urban areas – Porterville, Fresno, Rancho Cordova, Brentwood and Chico – showed there were no significanthuman exposures or impacts on the environment. Spray tank concentrations ranged from 0.1–0.32%. Carbaryl concentrationsin air ranged from none detected to 1.12 g m-3, well below the interim health screening level in air of 51.7 g m-3. There were three detections of carbaryl in surface water nearapplication sites: 0.125 ppb (parts per billion) from a water treatment basin; 6.94 ppb from a gold fish pond; and 1737 ppbin a rain runoff sample collected from a drain adjacent to a sprayed site. The foliar dislodgeable residues ranged from 1.54–7.12 g cm-2, comparable to levels reported forsafe reentry of 2.4 to 5.6 g cm-2 for citrus. Carbarylconcentrations in fruits and vegetables ranged from no detectableamounts to 7.56 ppm, which were below the U.S.EPA tolerance, allowable residue of 10 ppm. 相似文献
104.
Humberto?D.?RosaEmail author Jorge?Marques?Da?Silva 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2005,18(2):107-130
Natura 2000 is a network of natural sites whose aim is to preserve species and habitats of relevance in the European Union. The policy underlying Natura 2000 has faced widespread opposition from land users and received extensive support from environmentalists. This paper addresses the ethical framework for Natura 2000 and the probable moral assumptions of its main stakeholders. Arguments for and against Natura 2000 were analyzed and classified according to “strong” or “weak” versions of the three main theories of environmental ethics – anthropocentrism, biocentrism, and ecocentrism. Weak (intergenerational) anthropocentrism was found to underlie the Natura 2000 network itself and the positions of environmentalists, while strong (traditional) anthropocentrism pervaded the positions of economic developers. Land users seemed to fall somewhere between weak and strong anthropocentrism. The paper discusses the relation between ethics and different attitudes towards Natura 2000, highlighting some of the implications for the network’s ongoing implementation. It is shown that Natura 2000 achieves a strong reversal of the burden of proof from conservation to economic development and land use change under anthropocentrism. It is argued that the alleged theoretical divide between anthropocentrism and non-anthropocentrism in relation to the burden of proof does not seem to hold in practice. Finally, it is predicted that the weak versions of anthropocentrism, biocentrism, and ecocentrism, are likely to converge extensively in respect to nature conservation policy measures.“Charting the depths of law and policy disputes yield an understanding of ethical differences.” Paul B. Thompson (2002, p. 189). 相似文献
105.
Jorge Luiz Araújo da Silva Maria do Socorro B. Araújo Everardo Valadares de Sá Barretto Sampaio Jorge Vitor Ludke Dário Costa Primo 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(7):1999-2004
Sludge generated in intensively managed tilapia fingerling breeding ponds near the Itaparica Dam in the semi-arid Brazilian northeastern region was tested as a soil conditioner to produce lettuce in an effort to mitigate the present environmental impact of the deposition of this sludge, thereby giving it a productive destiny. A greenhouse experiment was performed by mixing the sludge with a Haplic Planosol topsoil, a characteristic soil of the region, so that the sludge corresponded to 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the mixture (substrate). The experiment was set up as a randomized block design with five blocks, each with three pots (5-kg substrate per pot) of the five sludge proportion treatments. One lettuce plant was transplanted into each pot, maintained under greenhouse conditions, and harvested 35 days after transplanting. Sludge, soil, and the substrates were evaluated for nutrient concentration and physical characteristics. Green and dry weights, stem diameter, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations in the aboveground parts of the lettuce plants were determined. Sludge incorporation into the substrate improved its chemical and physical characteristics. The lettuce plants grew best in the substrate with 75% sludge, increasing its biomass production by 50% and more than doubling its nitrogen uptake. 相似文献
106.
Managing Mediterranean soil resources under global change: expected trends and mitigation strategies
Lagacherie Philippe Álvaro-Fuentes Jorge Annabi Mohamed Bernoux Martial Bouarfa Sami Douaoui Abdelkader Grünberger Olivier Hammani Ali Montanarella Luca Mrabet Rachid Sabir Mohammed Raclot Damien 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(3):663-675
Regional Environmental Change - The soils of the Mediterranean Basin are the products of soil processes that have been governed by a unique convergence of highly differentiated natural and... 相似文献
107.
Walter?Alfredo?Salas-ZapataEmail authorView authors OrcID profile Leonardo?Alberto?Ríos-Osorio Jorge?Antonio?Mejía-Escobar 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2017,19(6):2237-2252
The term ‘sustainability science’ has been employed to refer to a scientific trend, movement or program aimed at studying problems related to human–nature interactions. However, since it does not have its own set of principles for knowledge building and lack of a definition of a study object, sustainability science is not a science, at least in the usual sense of the word. A study object is the conceptual delimitation of the problems tackled by a science, and therefore, its search in the context of a science of sustainability requires exploring different notions of sustainability. This article presents different perspectives on the concept of sustainability and analyzes the viability to assume them as study object of sustainability science. Such exploration demands concepts based on a processual ontology that directs the researcher toward the dynamic, historic and temporal and social-ecological character of problems of unsustainability. The concept of social-ecological resilience seems to comply with such requirements. 相似文献
108.
Oliva Ana L. La Colla Noelia S. Arias Andrés H. Blasina Gabriela E. Lopez Cazorla Andrea Marcovecchio Jorge E. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(23):18979-18990
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aim of this study is to assess—for the first time—the concentration of the 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the muscle... 相似文献
109.
Jorge Ares Ana M. Miglierina Ramón Sánchez Ramón Rosell 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》1998,3(1-2):95-105
A model of pesticide transport through the soil profile based on clearance and fugacity paradigms is presented, and an example of its application in a GIS environment is shown. A validation of the model at the field plot scale is presented using data obtained at a crop in a semiarid irrigated agricultural basin which was treated with Lindane. The adequacy at the regional scale is tested by inspection of the model predictions and the measured concentrations of the pesticide obtained from a regional phreatimetric net. The clearance concept is used to obtain estimates of the volumes of some environmental phases. These are further used to solve the equations of thermodynamic equilibrium at equal fugacity and obtain concentration estimates. The model closely reproduces the observed percolation trends, and is consistent with the regional pattern of Lindane distribution in groundwater. An application of the model as unitary module for the simulation of non‐point pesticide sources in a raster GIS frame is shown. Its performance (run time, data needed, etc.) is comparable to that of other existing algorithms, and presents some advantages to planners and evaluators of environmental quality in that it incorporates an explicit 2‐D approach and allows the identification of polluted areas downslope with respect to those directly treated with the pesticides. Further, it can be implemented in a variety of GIS and spatial data processors. 相似文献
110.
David Manuel-Navarrete Gilberto C. Gallopín Mariela Blanco Martín Díaz-Zorita Diego O. Ferraro Hilda Herzer Pedro Laterra María R. Murmis Guillermo P. Podestá Jorge Rabinovich Emilio H. Satorre Filemón Torres Ernesto F. Viglizzo 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(3):621-638
Assessing the sustainability of complex development processes requires multi-causal and integrated analyses. We develop a
system-based methodology, rooted in interdisciplinary discussion and consensus building between 15 experts, to construct a
multi-causal diagram which examines the sustainability of the Argentine Pampas′ process of agriculturization. The resulting
diagram includes 25 factors and provides a big-picture of the multiple dimensions and interrelations affecting sustainability.
According to this examination, the increasing concentration of production and the incorporation of technological innovations,
triggered by economic and institutional factors, are the cause of environmental distresses and social changes, whose consequences
for sustainability are still highly disputed. Nevertheless, the symptoms of both environmental and social unsustainability
are more evident in the case of the extra-Pampean regions than in the Pampas. This suggests that the Pampean agriculture model
should not be transferred to these regions without substantial modifications. The experts did not reach consensus on whether
the agriculturization process is overall sustainable or unsustainable. Lack of consensus revolved mainly around opposing perspectives
regarding the significance of the threats to environmental sustainability. The magnitude of socio-distributive unbalance and
loss of rural jobs were also contentious. Yet, the paper shows how the exercise of building a joint causal diagram was undoubtedly
helpful for linking piece-meal disciplinary facts, brought in from all fronts, into a comprehensive and coherent picture.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献