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121.
Josef Maroušek 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(12):7400-7402
A brief report on the development of novel apparatus is presented. It was verified in a commercial scale that a new concept of anaerobic fermentation followed by continuous pyrolysis is technically and economically feasible to manage previously enzymatically hydrolyzed waste haylage in huge volumes. The design of the concept is thoroughly described, documented in figures, and biochemically analyzed in detail. Assessment of the concept shows that subsequent pyrolysis of the anaerobically fermented residue allows among biogas to produce also high-quality biochar. This significantly improves the overall economy. In addition, it may be assumed that this applied research is consistent with previous theoretical assumptions stating that any kind of aerobic or anaerobic fermentation increases the microporosity of the biochar obtained. 相似文献
122.
The photocatalytical inactivation of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis,...) in the flow‐through plate solar reactor by sunlight was investigated. The low stability of bacteria in the reactor was attributed to bacteria sensitivity to mixing and/or gas bubbling. Sunlight inactivation proceeds with sufficient rate even under cloudy conditions. 相似文献
123.
Annette Fliedner Heinz Rüdel Heinrich Jürling Josef Müller Frank Neugebauer Christa Schröter-Kermani 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2012,24(1):1-15
Background
Polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], perfluorinated compounds, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers [PBDEs] were retrospectively analyzed in archived herring gull (Larus argentatus) eggs from the North and the Baltic Sea over the last 20 years. The aim was to assess temporal trends and effects of regulatory measures.Results
PCBs (sum of 7 congeners) were highest in eggs from the North Sea island Trischen, i.e., 3,710 to 20,760 ng/g lipid weight [lw] compared to 2,530 to 11,650 ng/g lw on the North Sea island Mellum and 4,840 to 9,190 ng/g lw on the Baltic Sea island Heuwiese. During the study period, PCBs decreased significantly. Concentrations of PFOS ranged between 46 and 170 ng/g wet weight [ww] at Trischen, 39 to 99 ng/g ww at Mellum, and 20 to 159 ng/g ww at Heuwiese. Since 2000 and 2003, concentration levels decreased in eggs from Mellum and Heuwiese, respectively. Perfluorooctanoic acid was the dominant perfluorinated carboxylic acid in the North Sea eggs (Trischen 2.0 to 74 ng/g ww; Mellum 2.6 to 118 ng/g ww), whereas perfluoroundecanoate [PFUnA] and perfluorodecanoate [PFDA] (means 3.9 ± 3.6 ng/g and 2.9 ± 2.3 ng/g ww, respectively) dominated in the Baltic Sea eggs. At all three locations, longer-chained perfluorinated carboxylic acids (perfluorononanoate, PFDA, PFUnA, perfluorododecanoate) increased during the monitoring period. PBDE concentrations (sum of 35 congeners) in eggs were in the ranges of 282 to 2,059 ng/g lw (Mellum), 116 to 1,722 ng/g (Trischen), and 232 to 2,021 ng/g lw (Heuwiese). Congeners associated with commercial Penta- and Octa-BDE formulations decreased during the study period. No decrease was observed for technical Deca-BDE.Conclusion
Effects of regulatory measures were apparent for PCBs and Penta- and Octa-BDE, while no consistent trend is noticeable for PFOS. 相似文献124.
Several protein kinases have been shown to be involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Molecules, regulating the activity of these protein kinases, also effect the activity of certain transport systems. Genetic experiments, suggesting a similar connection between the regulation of cell growth and transport functions in MDCK cells, are discussed. 相似文献
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In Germany information on the occurrence of MTBE in groundwaters is scarce. In order to assess the German situation, in 1999 a monitoring programme on MTBE in groundwater was set up. Within this survey 170 wells were examined, which are used as groundwater monitoring points or which are foreseen for drinking water extraction in emergency cases or for irrigation purposes. In rural areas MTBE was found only in 9% of all samples in concentrations above the limit of determination (LOD) of 0.05 microg L(-1). In urban areas MTBE was detected in 49% of all wells under investigation and the median concentration was calculated to 0.17 microg L(-1). In one case a maximum MTBE concentration of almost 700 microg L(-1) was detected. As a first result of this survey one can conclude, that MTBE is regularly present in German groundwaters under urban areas. Although investigations about the occurrence of MTBE in German groundwaters have to be extended in future, this first snapshot can lead to the assumption, that MTBE concentrations due to diffuse sources are lower than the ones found in the USA. Nevertheless, e.g. accidental spills can lead to elevated MTBE concentrations. 相似文献
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Tilman Floehr Björn Scholz-Starke Hongxia Xiao Josef Koch Lingling Wu Junli Hou Anja Wolf Axel Bergmann Kerstin Bluhm Xingzhong Yuan Martina Roß-Nickoll Andreas Schäffer Henner Hollert 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,38(12):63-82
Besides obvious benefits,the Three Gorges Dam's construction resulted in new pollution scenarios with the potentials to threaten the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR) ecosystem.In order to record organic contamination,to find links to ecotoxicological impacts and to serve as reference for ensuing monitoring,several sites in the TGR area were screened applying the triad approach with additional lines-of-evidence as a holistic assessment method.Sediments and the benthic fish species Pelteobagrus vachellii were sampled in 2011 and 2012 to determine organic pollution levels,mutagenic potentials and genotoxic impacts.Two regional hot-spots near the cities of Chongqing and Kaixian were identified and further investigated in 2013.Only polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) could be detected in sediments in 2011(165–1653 ng/g),emphasizing their roles as key pollutants of the area.Their ubiquity was confirmed at Chongqing(150–433 ng/g) and Kaixian(127–590 ng/g) in2013.Concentrations were comparable to other major Chinese and German rivers.However,the immense sediment influx suggested a deposition of 216–636 kg PAH/day(0.2–0.6 mg PAH/(m2·day)),indicating an ecotoxicological risk.PAH source analysis highlighted primary impacts of combustion sources on the more industrialized upper TGR section,whereas petrogenic sources dominated the mid-low section.Furthermore,sediment extracts from several sites exhibited significant activities of frameshift promutagens in the Ames fluctuation assay.Additionally,significant genotoxic impairments in erythrocytes of P.vachellii were detected(Chongqing/Kaixian),demonstrating the relevance of genotoxicity as animportant mode of action in the TGR's fish.PAHs,their derivatives and non-target compounds are considered as main causative agents. 相似文献