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221.
Joseph P. Marto Jie Zhang James J. Schwab 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2021,71(1):70-80
ABSTRACT Near-road measurements in Rochester, NY with a Portable Air Quality Monitoring System indicate a significant plume control of PM2.5 black carbon (BC) concentrations. This study evaluates the performance of two portable air quality enclosures deployed at collocated research sites to determine their accuracy and usefulness in field deployments, and specifically in pollution plume analysis. One system deployed collocated sensors for measurement of particulate matter mass concentration (Thermo pDR 1500 against Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM) measurement) and the second system deployed sensors for measurement of black carbon (Magee AE33 aethalometer and Brechtel Tricolor Absorption Photometer) in ambient and near-road locations in Rochester, New York, respectively. While the optical PM2.5 sensors tended to be biased in their determination of concentration by ~15%, they followed changes and trends in concentration very well. The black carbon sensors in the portable systems agreed very well with each other and with the collocated sensor. As a case study to determine the contribution from statistically significant short-lived excursions of pollutant concentration, Morlet wavelet analysis was performed on data from the portable system sensors. Black carbon was found to be strongly influenced by plume behavior with significant plume excursions representing just over 12% of all data points and contributing on average 1 µg/m3 of black carbon above ambient concentrations. Implications: This paper first evaluates two air pollutant monitoring enclosures with wide applicability including near-road detection of pollutants. Then, we present a novel method to designate isolate statistically significant excursions in air pollution concentration which can be used to determine the impact of pollutant plumes as observed in PM and black carbon behavior near road. 相似文献
222.
Decisions that determine the proper risk-based remediation approach are based on technical, regulatory, cost, legal, and political factors. A wide variety of options such as the ASTM RBCA tiered approach, the API Decision Support Software, and a host of agency-specific methods and commercial risk assessment software are all available. The optimization of a remediation project requires the right remediation technology coupled with the appropriate analytical framework. For groundwater remediation, the application of various “risk reduction” technologies can be classified as aggressive (pump and treat), moderate intensity (air sparging), low intensity (oxygen release compound-ORC®), and intrinsic (monitor only). The time frame of risk analysis will establish the proper risk reduction strategy. The selection process is inherently iterative, and the approach by which an optimal solution can be derived forms the basis of this article. A case study of a Texas site put these issues into context. 相似文献
223.
Research in industry regarding race and sex access discrimination is reviewed. Review of sex discrimination research suggests that negative access discrimination exists for female applicants when the position is male-stereotyped and positive access discrimination exists when it is female-stereotyped. Results on race discrimination are few in number with mixed results, some showing reverse discrimination and others showing discrimination against blacks. More complex studies examining interactions between race and sex also provide mixed results. Recent evidence, which suggests that selection decisions are much more complex than have been studied, may account for the conflicting findings. Future research with more imaginative and complex designs and larger sample sizes is needed. Research designs should be selected to facilitate better measurement of the effects of civil rights law enforcement. 相似文献
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Wu Jiying Abban Olivier Joseph Hongxing Yao Boadi Alex Dankyi Ankomah-Asare Evans Takyi 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2022,24(8):10183-10207
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The vision of every country or subregions is to achieve economic growth and sustainable economic growth. Thus, the Economic Community of West African... 相似文献
226.
Joseph N. Lekakis 《Environmental management》1990,14(4):465-473
Environmental protection policies generate an equity question concerning the fair allocation of environmental benefits and
costs. This paper presents evidence from Greece during the 1980s. The findings reveal that Greek environmental policies, in
the form of government self-regulatory programs, are mostly regressive in nature. At the regional level these programs combine
all forms of vertical equity. Since the public sector finances the majority of related expenditures out of taxes, the regressive
elements of environmental policies have been reinforced by discretionary fiscal measures and tax evasion, accompanied by inflation,
which have distorted the country's progressive tax system. 相似文献
227.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed regulations that would require corrective action (e.g., soil excavation and groundwater removal and treatment) at municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLFs) and hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs). This paper presents an overview of the proposed corrective action regulations, and discusses their relationship to proposed or existing closure and post-closure care regulations. The paper then presents estimated corrective action cost curves for various MSWLF scenarios defined by landfill area, average waste thickness, and the presence or absence of a clay liner. The paper finally illustrates the economic benefits of sound closure and postclosure care by comparing estimated costs of corrective action to estimated costs of closure and postclosure care at MSWLFs. 相似文献
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Karen Filkins M.D. F.A.C.O.G. Joseph Russo Thomas Brown Susan Schmerler Bernard Searle 《黑龙江环境通报》1984,4(3):223-226
Thirty-one genetic amniocenteses involving multiple gestations were performed in the genetics unit between 1976 and 1982. Three sets of triplets were included. Precise locations of the sacs were determined using real-time ultrasonography and successful sampling of all sacs was accomplished. Spontaneous abortions occurred in two normal twins and one normal triplet gestation. Two therapeutic abortions were performed for fetal abnormalities. Two cases of discordance for trisomy 21 (one twin and one triplet) were allowed to continue; the twin case terminated at 25 weeks' gestation with neonatal deaths and the triplets are alive and well. 相似文献