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431.
Goemans M Clarysse P Joannès J De Clercq P Lenaerts S Matthys K Boels K 《Chemosphere》2003,50(4):489-497
The engineering, construction, performance and running costs of a catalytic flue gas cleaning component in the low dust area of a municipal waste incinerator is discussed. For this purpose, the case study of a Flemish incineration plant is presented, covering the history, the design procedure of the catalyst, relevant process data and the financial aspects. A reliable PCDD/F-destruction by means of oxidation by the catalyst to typical values of 0.001 ng TEQ/Nm3 has been demonstrated. At the same time, NO(chi)- and CO-emissions are reduced by 90% and 20% to about 50 mg/N m3 andbelow 10 mg/N m3, respectively. 相似文献
432.
Amphibian Phenology and Climate Change 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
433.
Characteristics of Resuspension,Settling and Diffusion of Particulate Matter in a Water Column 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Michael?Belinsky Hillel?Rubin Yehuda?AgnonEmail author Eliezer?Kit Joseph?F.?Atkinson 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2005,5(5):415-441
Experiments were conducted in order to characterize the distributions of concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM)
in water columns of lakes and reservoirs. The experiments, in a reduced model of the water column, used a set of oscillating
grids. Runs were done with particles denser than water as well as with light particles. The results were in good agreement
with analytical solutions for steady-state, and non-steady-state conditions. An approximate analytical solution was derived
and found to be in agreement with the full solution. The threshold for resuspension was measured, and characterized in terms
of a modified Shields parameter, which is appropriate to a zero-shear environment. All experiments showed that the distribution
of SPM exhibited a layer near the bottom that is thought to be analogous to the benthic nepheloid layer (BNL) observed in
larger lakes. The thickness of the nepheloid layer increases with the turbulence intensity. 相似文献
434.
J Kevin Hiers Joseph J O'Brien Rodney E Will Robert J Mitchell 《Ecological applications》2007,17(3):806-814
Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) woodlands and savannas are among the most frequently burned ecosystems in the world with fire return intervals of 1-10 years. This fire regime has maintained high levels of biodiversity in terms of both species richness and endemism. Land use changes have reduced the area of this ecosystem by >95%, and inadequate fire frequencies threaten many of the remnants today. In the absence of frequent fire, rapid colonization of hardwoods and shrubs occurs, and a broad-leaved midstory develops. This midstory encroachment has been the focus of much research and management concern, largely based on the assumption that the midstory reduces understory plant diversity through direction competition via light interception. The general application of this mechanism of degradation is questionable, however, because midstory density, leaf area, and hardwood species composition vary substantially along a soil moisture gradient from mesic to extremely xeric sites. Reanalysis of recently reported data from xeric longleaf pine communities suggests that the development of the forest floor, a less conspicuous change in forest structure, might cause a decline in plant biodiversity when forests remain unburned. We report here a test of the interactions among fire, litter accumulation, forest floor development, and midstory canopy density on understory plant diversity. Structural equation modeling showed that within xeric sites, forest floor development was the primary factor explaining decreased biodiversity. The only effects of midstory development on biodiversity were those mediated through forest floor development. Boundary line analysis of functional guilds of understory plants showed sensitivity to even minor development of the forest floor in the absence of fire. These results challenge the prevailing management paradigm and suggest that within xeric longleaf pine communities, the primary focus of managed fire regime should be directed toward the restoration of forest floor characteristics rather than the introduction of high-intensity fires used to regulate midstory structure. 相似文献
435.
A monopoly that creates external costs poses a classic second-best problem: Whereas optimal allocation would be achieved by both removal of the monopoly and correction of the externality, it cannot be presumed that either action taken alone would improve welfare. It is shown that the desirability of pursuing either policy in isolation depends on the relative size of the external cost and the monopolist's price-cost margin. The analysis is applied to the automoblie manufacturing industry. Under current estimates of pollution damage and price-cost margin, industry output is suboptimal. Whereas this finding may not be translated directly into policy recommendations, it suggests that some skepticism about internalizing pollution costs is justified unless such action is accompanied by an appropriate reduction in monopoly power. 相似文献
436.
Yiliang HE Bin ZHAO Joseph B.HUGHES Sunh Soo HAN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2008,2(3):326-332
The performances and kinetic parameters of Fenton oxidation of 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (DNT) in water-acetone mixtures
and explosive contaminated soil washing-out solutions were investigated at a laboratory scale. The experimental results show
that acetone can be a significant hydroxyl radical scavenger and result in serious inhibition of Fenton oxidation of 2,4-
and 2,6-DNT. Although no serious inhibition was found in contaminated soil washing-out solutions, longer reaction time was
needed to remove 2,4- and 2,6-DNT completely, mainly due to the competition of hydroxyl radicals. Fenton oxidation of 2,4-
and 2,6-DNT fit well with the first-order kinetics and the presence of acetone also reduced DNT’s degradation kinetics. Based
on the comparison and matching of retention time and ultraviolet (UV) spectra between high performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC) and standards, the following reaction pathway for 2,4-DNT primary degradation was proposed: 2,4-DNT → 2,4-dinitro-benzaldehyde
→ 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid → 1,3-dinitrobenzene → 3-nitrophenol. 相似文献
437.
Joseph Alcamo Lilibeth Acosta-Michlik Alexander Carius Frank Eierdanz Richard Klein Dörthe Krömker Dennis Tänzler 《Regional Environmental Change》2008,8(4):137-149
In this study we develop an “inference modeling” approach to compare and analyze how different disciplines (economics, political
science, and behavioral science/environmental psychology) estimate vulnerability to drought. It is thought that a better understanding
of these differences can lead to a synthesis of insights from the different disciplines and eventually to more comprehensive
assessments of vulnerability. The new methodology consists of (1) developing inference models whose variables and assertions
incorporate qualitative knowledge about vulnerability, (2) converting qualitative model variables into quantitative indicators
by using fuzzy set theory, (3) collecting data on the values of the indicators from case study regions, (4) inputting the
regional data to the models and computing quantitative values for susceptibility. The methodology was applied to three case
study regions (in India, Portugal and Russia) having a range of socio-economic and water stress conditions. In some cases
the estimates of susceptibility were surprisingly similar, in others not, depending on the factors included in the disciplinary
models and their relative weights. A new approach was also taken to testing vulnerability parameters by comparing estimated
water stress against a data set of drought occurrences based on media analysis. The new methodologies developed in this paper
provide a consistent basis for comparing differences between disciplinary perspectives, and for identifying the importance
of the differences.
相似文献
Joseph AlcamoEmail: |
438.
439.
Mark P. Brown John J.A. McLaughlin Joseph M. OConnor Kevin Wyman 《Ecological modelling》1982,15(1):29-47
In batch experiments exposing individual plankton constituents to Aroclor 1254 PCB, the rate at which the organism approaches partitioning equilibrium appears to be partly size-dependent while the extent of PCB accumulation is species-specific. The sorptive desorptive kinetics of PCB in these experiments can be described mathematically by a first-order expression. Employing this expression in a model plankton food web permits examination of the role of feeding and sorptive processes in determining PCB body burden under various environmental conditions. When ingestion rates exceed desorption and excretion rates, a consuming organism accumulates PCB above levels predicted by equilibrium partitioning relationships. Feeding-induced oscillations in PCB body burden could thus obscure the reduction of soluble PCB concentration which determine a “baseline” PCB body burden. Unless referenced to a specific set of biological and environmental conditions, the importance of direct partitioning from water vs. food uptake appears to be a moot topic. 相似文献
440.
Joseph J. Valadez 《Journal of environmental psychology》1984,4(3):223-228
Previous research has shown that designers' and architects' evaluations of visual stimuli, and of urban and rural environments are not necessarily shared by non-designers and non-architects. Such conclusions may be biased by instrumentation and methodological problems, namely, previous instruments often require verbal responses about stimuli. Hence, non-designers and non-architects may be less capable in expressing themselves, but perceive the same things as the professionals. Another problem stems from professionals who have a narrow range of traits being compared with a general population that has a broader range of traits and therefore has greater within-group variance. This study presents an instrument and a methodology for dealing with these problems in addition to examining the perceptual orientations of architects in comparison to three other professions. Results indicate that architects varied from the other professional groups in their quantitative judgments of the habitats studied but not from all groups in their qualitative judgments. Hence, architects may be a distinct professional culture for some design variables only. 相似文献