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101.
102.
Wölz J Engwall M Maletz S Olsman Takner H van Bavel B Kammann U Klempt M Weber R Braunbeck T Hollert H 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2008,15(7):536-553
Background, aim, and scope
As a consequence of flood events, runoff and remobilized sediments may cause an increase of ecotoxicologically relevant effects from contaminant reservoirs. Aquatic and terrestrial organisms as well as cattle and areas of settlement are exposed to dislocated contaminants during and after flood events. In this study, the impacts of two flood events triggered by intense rain at the rivers Neckar and Rhine (Southern Germany) were studied. Effects in correlation to flood flow were assessed at the river Neckar using samples collected at frequent intervals. River Rhine suspended particulate matter (SPM) was sampled over a longer period at normal flow and during a flood event. Three cell lines (H4L1.1c4, GPC.2D.Luc, RTL-W1) were used to compare Ah receptor agonist activity in different biotest systems. Multilayer fractionation was performed to identify causative compounds, focusing on persistent organic contaminants. 相似文献103.
The crustacean Monoporeia affinis Lindström was exposed to two different concentrations of bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) containing, originally, 8.3 mg/g organic chlorine determined as adsorbable organic halogen (AOX). The swimming activity of the animals was recorded by pairs of infra-red sensitive photocells attached to 5.6 1 aquaria having a seawater inflow rate of 12 ml/min. The test sequence included a control phase, an exposure phase and a recovery phase. During the exposure phase the total swimming activity decreased in three of the four test aquaria containing effluent, indicating that the animals had retreated into the sediment. Total activity increased during the recovery phase and, in the case of the lower organic chlorine concentration, activity almost achieved the original control-phase level. Statistical differences in swimming activity changes during experiment were evaluated using ANOVA. Experimental methods are explained in detail. 相似文献
104.
Lepidophagous (scale-eating) blue-striped fangblennies (Plagiotremus rhinorhynchus Bleeker 1852) are often found sympatrically with the bluestreak cleaner wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus Valenciennes 1839). They have some resemblance to the juvenile L. dimidiatus and have previously been reported as aggressive cleaner wrasse mimics. We observed 14 P. rhinorhynchus on a small area in the barrier reef near Hoga Island, Indonesia to assess the effects of client size on the behaviour and
attack success of fangblennies: our results suggest that fangblennies are selective with regard to victim size; fish avoided
by the fangblennies are significantly larger than those not avoided and attack success is significantly higher at intermediate
victim size classes. The behaviour of the victims also has a significant direct effect on the foraging success of the fangblennies;
where the potential victim posed, 63.6% were ignored by the fangblenny and only 7.4% of attacks were successful on posing
fish as opposed to a surprise attack success rate of 71.6%. Overall, victims which exhibited the pose behaviour were significantly
smaller in size. It appears likely that the predatory strategy of these fangblennies varies with victim size and that mimicry
plays a minor role in attracting potential victims. We suggest that in common with other mimetic fish the resemblance of fangblennies
to juvenile bluestreak cleaner wrasse allows them to actively hunt in areas where adult cleaners are common thus, indirectly
improving their feeding opportunities. 相似文献
105.
The great majority of genetic defects underlying steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency appear to result from intergenic recombinations between the homologous CYP21 and CYP21P genes. For a minority, novel sporadic point mutations have been detected. De novo mutations in CYP21 have also been reported, but only a few studies have systematically screened their occurrence. We here describe a population-based patient sample in order to estimate the rate of single-family (i.e. sporadic) and de novo germline mutations in the human CYP21 locus. Among 76 Finnish families were observed three single-family mutations and two de novo mutations in CYP21. The rates obtained, ∼5% and ∼2% for novel and de novo mutations, respectively, indicate that they are not rare and that their occurrence should not be ignored in genetic diagnostics of this disorder. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
106.
L. Maunula P. Klemola A. Kauppinen K. Söderberg T. Nguyen T. Pitkänen S. Kaijalainen M. L. Simonen I. T. Miettinen M. Lappalainen J. Laine R. Vuento M. Kuusi M. Roivainen 《Food and environmental virology》2009,1(1):31-36
In Nokia city about 450,000 l of treated sewage water was for 2 days allowed to run into the drinking water supplies of the
city due to a personal error of one employee. Within the next 5 weeks about 1,000 people sought care at the municipal health
centre or regional hospital because of gastroenteritis. Here we report the results of viral analyses performed by gene amplification
assays from the earliest water and sewage samples as well as from close to 300 patient samples. The contaminating treated
sewage was shown to harbour several enteric viruses known to cause acute gastroenteritis. Likewise, the drinking water sample
was positive for noro-, astro-, rota-, entero- and adenoviruses. Noroviruses were also found in 29.8% of stool samples from
affected patients, while astro-, adeno-, rota- and enteroviruses were detected in 19.7, 18.2, 7.5 and 3.7% of the specimens,
respectively.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
107.
Population models are increasingly being considered as a tool for pesticide risk assessment in order to evaluate how potential effects act on the population level and population recovery. While the importance and difficulties of such models have been discussed by various authors during the past decade, mainly with a focus on how to describe or develop such models, several biological and methodological aspects have never been addressed so far, which are relevant for the application of models in risk assessment. These include a critical review of our knowledge of a species, the use of field data by taking methodological constraints into account, how to include uncertainty in model validation or how to measure effects. Although these aspects will be critical for the acceptance of population models by authorities, most of them apply not only to population models, but also to standard risk assessment. In the present article, we give practical recommendations for addressing these questions in population level risk assessments. 相似文献
108.
Sexual selection is often assumed to increase the viability of populations by increasing the quality of offspring produced.
Presently, human-induced environmental changes are altering the process of sexual selection by influencing male–male interactions
and female mate choice. Here, we show that increased density of filamentous algae due to eutrophication reverses parasite-mediated
selection during reproduction in threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). When we manipulated the density of artificial algae in a breeding area in the Baltic Sea, more males nested in dense than
in sparse vegetation, but the males in dense vegetation were more parasitized. Interestingly, heavily parasitized males acquired
more eggs than less parasitized males in dense vegetation but not in sparse vegetation. The higher probability of reproduction
for parasitized males in dense algae growth could be due to impaired visibility relaxing male–male competition or reducing
female choosiness. This could favour males in poor condition that often invest more in attracting females than males in good
condition. In sparse vegetation, parasitized males may have a lower reproductive success due to intense male–male competition,
careful female choice and high predation rate selecting against parasitized males. The results suggest that eutrophication
could alter the fraction of the population that reproduces, which could have long-term evolutionary consequences. 相似文献
109.
Jakob Abermann Birger Hansen Magnus Lund Stefan Wacker Mojtaba Karami John Cappelen 《Ambio》2017,46(1):3-11
We investigated air temperature and pressure gradients and their trends for the period 1996–2014 in Greenland and compared these to other periods since 1958. Both latitudinal temperature and pressure gradients were strongest during winter. An overall temperature increase up to 0.15 °C year?1 was observed for 1996–2014. The strongest warming happened during February at the West coast (up to 0.6 °C year?1), weaker but consistent and significant warming occurred during summer months (up to 0.3 °C year?1) both in West and East Greenland. Pressure trends on a monthly basis were mainly negative, but largely statistically non-significant. Compared with other time windows in the past six decades, the period 1996–2014 yielded an above-average warming trend. Northeast Greenland and the area around Zackenberg follow the general pattern but are on the lower boundary of observed significant trends in Greenland. We conclude that temperature-driven ecosystem changes as observed in Zackenberg may well be exceeded in other areas of Greenland. 相似文献
110.