长江流域年平均气温的时空变化特征

利用长江流域146个气象站点1960~2005年的逐年气温资料,选用EOF和REOF方法识别长江流域年平均气温空间变化特征,并对长江流域年平均气温变化敏感区域进行时间演变分析和突变检测。研究表明:长江流域年平均气温主要有2种空间振荡型（即全流域气温变化趋向一致型和流域内气温变化存在东西向差异型）,3个变化敏感区域（长江流域中下游地区、长江流域南部和金沙江流域）。3个变化敏感区域的年平均气温都在20世纪90年代明显升高,且均在90年代后期呈突变增加,其中金沙江流域升温趋势最为明显,气候倾向率为0.20℃/10a。全流域1991~2005年年平均气温距平空间分布表明,自1991年以来全流域都为升温趋势,其中长江流域中下游地区和金沙江流域是升温幅度最大的地区。     

Distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in breast milk from North China: Implication of exposure pathways

The breast milk concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs; sum of eight congeners: BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183 and 209) were determined (by high resolution gas chromatographic high resolution mass spectrometry) in samples from primiparous women collected in 2006 in Tianjin, China. Dietary and lifestyle habits of the participants were obtained by questionnaires. The median total PBDE concentration (including BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183) was 2500 pg g⁻¹ lipid weight, ranging from 1700 to 4500 pg g⁻¹ lipid weight. These levels were in the same range as those from Europe and Japan but much lower than those from North America. The congener profile in China was also different from other countries. The contribution of BDE-28 was around 15%, much higher than any other country, implying that a different Penta-BDE formulation might be used in the Chinese market. The lower ratio of the sum of BDE-47, 99, and 100 to the sum of BDE-153 and 154 suggested that Octa-products were in more demand in China. A significant correlation was found between a woman’s PBDE concentration and the time she used electronic appliances (h/d). This implies that electronics are a potential source of PBDEs to people. Inhalation or ingestion of particulate matter (such as dust) may also be an important exposure pathway. There was no significant correlation between the PBDE concentration and the consumption of meat, fish, and milk. Further research is needed to determine the specific contribution of each exposure route and their health effects.     

首钢烧结厂PM_(10)治理技术与经济分析

通过对首钢烧结厂的污染结点、污染物特性、污染物控制技术措施和技术规范进行分析,提出了烧结厂PM10控制方案,对烧结厂采用高效除尘设备的PM10削减量及改造费用进行了估算,确定了烧结厂PM10治理技术方案排序,为钢铁企业烧结厂治理颗粒污染物的同时选择最为经济实用的除尘器类型提供理论依据.     

首钢烧结厂PM10治理技术与经济分析

通过对首钢烧结厂的污染结点、污染物特性、污染物控制技术措施和技术规范进行分析,提出了烧结厂PM₁₀控制方案,对烧结厂采用高效除尘设备的PM₁₀削减量及改造费用进行了估算,确定了烧结厂PM₁₀治理技术方案排序,为钢铁企业烧结厂治理颗粒污染物的同时选择最为经济实用的除尘器类型提供理论依据。     

抗生素废水碱回收与生化处理试验研究

为克服抗生素废水难以生化处理的难题,采用废碱液回收利用和生物强化处理的技术手段对废水进行了资源化小试研究。结果显示,经碱液回收后出水的COD、SS、硫酸盐和含盐量分别由13 925、45 700、417和29 900 mg/L降到了2 400、86、25和402 mg/L,色度也由6 000倍降到了5倍;经与综合污水混合后生化强化处理,出水COD、色度和硫酸盐的平均去除率分别达到了91%、84%和96.5%,处理效果理想,资源化技术处理废水可盈利54.19元/t,具有较好的经济性,值得推广应用。     

亚硝酸盐反硝化颗粒污泥的二次启动试验研究

接种0～4℃贮存2个月亚硝酸盐反硝化颗粒污泥,以甲醇为电子供体、亚硝酸盐为电子受体在USB(上流式污泥床)反应器内进行二次启动。结果显示,在逐步提高进水负荷下,约46 d完成了反应器二次启动,污泥床负荷达到3.43 g N/（L·d）,NO₂-N去除率为99%;在稳定运行阶段,当进水NO₂-N浓度为50 mg/L、负荷从1.7 g N/（L·d）逐步提高至5.1 g N/（L·d）时,NO₂-N去除率均大于98%;当表观流速为2.68 m/h、进水负荷逐步提高至8.0 g N/（L·d）时,脱氮率下降至63%,过程中污泥床最大去除速率约为5.7 g N/（L·d）。研究认为,亚硝酸盐颗粒污泥床具有稳定和去除效率高等特点。     

甬江流域河网水利计算模型研究及应用

针对平原感潮河网的水文和水力学特性,结合甬江流域实际,建立了平原河网水利计算混合模型,采用Preissmann四点隐式格式,合理选定权重系数,并运用河网最优节点编码法的3级解法进行求解;利用2000年桑美台风暴雨洪水对模型进行验证计算,结果表明模型是可靠适用的.考虑不同重现期暴雨和潮位的组合情况,采用研究建立的河网水利计算模型对规划防洪工程全面实施后甬江流域河网节点水位进行了合理计算.     

中国综合减灾“十二五”规划编制思考

2009年10月1日是新中国成立60周年的日子,中国正面临多方位的检视,其核心问题之厂是未来中国安全发展的途径。2009年5月26日,由本人出任课题组长的北京减灾协会完成了北京市发展与改革委员会下达的“十二五”期间北京市提升城市综合减灾应急管理水平的重点、思路及对策研究》项目申报书,     

Dynamic Evaluation on Regional Tourism Competitiveness： Urban Agglomeration of Shandong Peninsula, Eastern China

The article establishes the appraisal index system for entire urban agglomeration and its interior cities individually, concretely including five aspects： driving forces for tourism development, the level of tourism development, tourism impacts, tourism economic connection and tourism contributions of different cities to the whole urban agglomeration. As tourism competitiveness has the characteristics of comprehensiveness, systematicness and dynamicness, the article attempts to apply the structural prediction means of system dynamics to evaluating tourism competitiveness, aiming to provide some research methods and analysis ideas for tourism competitiveness measurement and trends analysis in urban agglomeration. Taking Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration as the study area, the article simulates and analyzes the tourism competitiveness trend of the whole region and its interior cities from 2005 to 2020, and the result reflects that integrated development and regional combination of tourism are important means to upgrade tourism competitiveness in this region.     

Potential utilization of riverbed sediments by hydrothermal solidification and its hardening mechanism

Hydrothermal solidification of riverbed sediments (silt) has been carried out in a Teflon (PTFE) lined stainless steel hydrothermal apparatus, under saturated steam pressure at 343–473 K for 2–24 h by calcium hydrate introduction. Tobermorite was shown to be the most important strength-producing constituent of the solidified silt. A longer curing time or a higher curing temperature was shown to be favorable to the tobermorite formation, thus promoting strength development; however, overlong curing time (24 h) seemed to affect the strength development negatively. The hardening mechanism consisted of the crystal growth/morphology evolution during the hydrothermal process. The species dissolved from the silt were precipitated first as fine particles, and then some of the particles seemed to build up the rudimental morphology of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) gel. The CSH gel, with precipitated particles, appeared to cause some reorganization within the matrix, which made the matrix denser and thus gave an initial strength development. Tobermorite, transformed inevitably from the CSH gel, reinforced the matrix with its interlocked structure, and thus further promoted the strength development.