The effect of paraoxon on spermatogenesis in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dugesia gonocephala</Emphasis> from the Chilean Altiplano: proliferation and apoptosis

Introduction and aims  

The Chilean Altiplano ecosystem is conserved free from contaminants and pollutants because of the absence of major local human activities such as agriculture or other industries. We studied the effects of paraoxon on proliferation and apoptosis of testicular cells during active spermatogenesis in Dugesia gonocephala collected from a pristine river (Guacollo) in the Altiplano region nearby Visviri town, Chile.     

江苏辐射沙洲潮间带风电场对海洋水动力场的影响分析

为了分析潮间带风电场对海洋水动力条件的影响,建立和验证了江苏辐射沙洲潮间带风电场工程二维潮流数学模型,根据风电场区的地形条件对模型范围及网格划分进行了探讨,分析风电场实施前后水动力条件的变化.结果表明:模型计算值与实测值拟合较好·建立的二维潮流数学模型计算结果合理、可信,可用来预测风电场建设对附近海域水动力条件的影响;...     

粉末状和颗粒状有机膨润土对克百威的吸附

用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)制得粉末状CTMAB阳离子有机膨润土(简称CTMAB-膨润土)和CTMAB-SDBS阴阳离子有机膨润土(简称CTMAB-SDBS-膨润土),并利用聚乙烯醇(PVA)包埋固定化技术将2种粉末状有机膨润土制成颗粒状有机膨润土,研究了粉末状与颗粒状有机膨润土对水中克百威的吸附性能.结果表明:粉末状CTMAB-膨润土和CTMAB-SDBS-膨润土对克百威的吸附效果较好,最终去除率分别为90.9％和92.5％,颗粒状CTMAB-膨润土和CTMAB-SDBS-膨润土对克百威的最终去除率分别为55.5％和60.3％;有机膨润土对克百威的吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程;颗粒状有机膨润土吸附克百威最多可重复利用6次.     

再生水农灌过程中重金属迁移规律研究

再生水回用于农业灌溉,可以缓解农业水资源的需求压力,这对徐州缺水地区具有重要意义.通过土柱模拟实验,研究了不同灌溉方式及2种典型农作物——小麦、玉米的种植对As、Cd、Cu、Zn在徐州灌区土壤中迁移行为的影响.实验用添加重金属的再生水和地下水进行土柱滴灌.结果表明,再生水灌溉和再生水、地下水轮灌之后,重金属主要在土样表...     

Thermal decomposition of electronic wastes: mobile phone case and other parts

Pyrolysis and combustion runs at 850°C in a horizontal laboratory furnace were carried out on different parts of a mobile phone (printed circuit board, mobile case and a mixture of both materials). The analyses of the carbon oxides, light hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and dioxin-like PCBs are shown. Regarding semivolatile compounds, phenol, styrene, and its derivatives had the highest yields. In nearly all the runs the same PAHs were identified, naphthalene being the most common component obtained. Combustion of the printed circuit board produced the highest emission factor of PCDD/Fs, possibly due to the high copper content.     

Conductive-diamond electrochemical oxidation of chlorpyrifos in wastewater and identification of its main degradation products by LC-TOFMS

The electrochemical transformation of the organophosphorous insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) was investigated in wastewater. The oxidation of CPF was carried out in a single-compartment electrochemical flow cell working under batch operation mode, using diamond-based material as anode and stainless steel as cathode. In order to evaluate its persistence and degradation pathway, two different concentration levels (1.0 mg L⁻¹ and 0.1 mg L⁻¹) were studied. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was used for evaluation of the initial and electrolyzed solutions. The identification of CPF transformation products was performed by liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-TOFMS). Results showed that CPF is completely removed at the end of treatment time. Analysis by LC-TOFMS allowed the identification of six degradation products (with Mw 154, 170, 197, 305 321 and 333). Three of the identified intermediates (Mw 170, 305 and 321) were completely removed at the end of electrolysis time. Interestingly, the formation of diethyl 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2yl phosphate (chlorpyrifos oxon) and 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-ol was also found in previous reported degradation pathways using different degradation technologies.     

亚甲基蓝在污泥活性炭上的吸附

以剩余污泥为原料,氯化锌为活化剂制备污泥活性炭。研究了初始pH值、吸附温度及离子强度对污泥活性炭吸附亚甲基蓝效果的影响。采用高分辨电子扫描电镜(SEM)和氮吸脱附曲线对污泥活性炭进行了表征。结果表明,随着pH值的升高,吸附量增大,碱性条件下最好。在15～55℃的范围内,亚甲基蓝的吸附量先增加后降低,温度为35℃时吸附量达到最大值。加入氯化钠后的污泥活性炭的吸附能力变弱,但随着离子强度的增大,变弱的强度减少。污泥活性炭以中孔为主和污泥活性炭具有不规则结构,预示着污泥活性炭较高的吸附能力。污泥活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附符合Lang-muir等温吸附方程。污泥壳活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附符合二级反应动力学方程反应特征。     

气候变化的经济学分析:国外研究最新进展综述

化石燃料的过度使用引起的气候变化问题成为全球面临的共同挑战,也逐渐成为经济学界的研究热点。本文围绕气候变化问题对国外经济学界的相关最新研究进行了梳理与回顾,并对不同研究争议的焦点以及后续研究方向进行了阐述。不同学者基于不同的假设条件和模型设定,得出了不同的气候政策主张;其中主要包括以Stern为代表的"激进派",以Nordhaus、Weitzman为代表的"保守派"及以Acemoglu为代表的"综合派"。当前对于气候变化的政策主张仍存在较大分歧,其核心原因主要在于对时间偏好、效用函数的设定、对气候变暖未来损害的不确定性的处理以及对导向性技术变迁的考量等方面。目前关于气候变化的经济学分析仍存在较多待解决的问题,如对时间偏好进行经验验证,更好地刻画气候变化的不确定性,引入内生的导向性技术变迁来建立更合理的多国模型以分析各国气候政策的协调等。     

Kinetics of simazine advanced oxidation in water

Abstract

Comparison of the effects and kinetics of UV photolysis and four advanced oxidation systems (ozone, ozone/hydrogen peroxide, ozone/UV radiation and UV radiation/hydrogen peroxide) for the removal of simazine from water has been investigated. At the conditions applied, the order of reactivity was ozone < ozone/hydrogen peroxide < UV radiation < ozone/UV radiation and UV radiation/hydrogen peroxide. Rate constants of the reactions between ozone and simazine and hydroxyl radical and simazine were found to be 8.7 M^‐1s^‐1 and 2.1x10⁹ M^‐1s^‐1, respectively. Also, a quantum yield of 0.06 mol.photon^‐1 was found for simazine at 254 nm UV radiation. The high value of the quantum yield corroborated the importance of the direct photolysis process. Percentage contributions of direct reaction with ozone, reaction with hydroxyl radicals and direct photolysis were also quantified.