泰州生态市建设的可行性研究

泰州地处长江三角洲,经济基础较好,环境保护和生态建设有一定的基础,近几年,生态市的创建也被提上议事日程,针对泰州的实际情况,进行了可迭性分析,指出了泰州所面临的困难与矛盾,并在此基础上提出了对策和建议.     

淮河淮南段底泥中酸性挥发硫与同步浸提金属的分布

采用氮载气冷法酸溶硫化物分析技术对淮河淮南段底泥中酸性挥发硫(AVS)以及同步浸提金属(SEM)的含量在河流沿程及垂直方向上的分布进行了测定.结果表明,淮河淮南段5个站点表层底泥中AVS的含量为0.14～0.87 μmol·g-1SEM(Zn、Cu、Ni、Cd、Pb)含量为0.5～1.1 μmol·g-1;其中,峡山口站点AVS最低,姚家湾站点AVS及SEM均为最高;从入境到出境断面,[SEM]/[AVS]摩尔比值呈逐渐下降趋势,数值都在1.0以上.不同站点AVS在垂直方向上的分布较为复杂,峡山口25 cm以上段随深度增加AVS逐渐增大.之后又逐渐降低,30 cm以下段变化很小;姚家湾表层AVS含量较高,20 cm以上段随深度增加AVS逐渐减小,之后又逐渐增大,30～35 cm层含量最高;石头埠和胡大涧站点AVS随深度变化不大.胡大涧以上4个站点柱状底泥中SEM的含量在0.25～0.9 μmol·g-1之间.对[SEM]/[AVS]摩尔比的研究显示,淮河淮南段表层底泥存在轻微的重金属污染.     

完善我国环境污染纠纷救济机制的法的思考

通过剖析我国现行环境污染救济制度的缺陷,文章注重从行政、刑事和民事等全方位救济手段入手,探讨完善我国环境污染纠纷救济制度的有效途径,以对我国相关立法尽绵薄之力。     

盐度对军曹鱼稚鱼血液生理生化及鳃Na~+-K~+ ATPase活性的影响

军曹鱼稚鱼[体重(6.52±0.71)g]在适应不同盐度(5、10、20、30和37)14 d后盐度5和10处理组特定生长率(SGR)显著低于其它组(P﹤0.05),且该两组血红蛋白、血细胞比容和红细胞数也显著低于盐度30和37组, 而血清皮质醇和乳酸含量则明显高于盐度30和37组.此外,低盐度组中稚鱼血糖有升高趋势,门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)含量随盐度降低而升高,但碱性磷酸酯酶(ALP)变化则相反.血清渗透压、Na+ 和Cl-离子浓度与盐度呈正相关,而K+浓度呈负相关.鳃NKA活性在盐度20组中最低,在盐度10组中最高.研究显示军曹鱼稚鱼有较强的盐度适应能力,适度降低盐度并不影响其生长,但在过低盐度中仍呈应激反应,且盐度变化还可影响多项血液生理生化指标.     

Sexual harassment and female gregariousness in the South American sea lion, Otaria flavescens

Most colonial pinnipeds form extreme clusters of breeding females that cannot be entirely explained by the distribution of sites for reproduction. Avoidance of male harassment has been postulated as an important determinant of reproductive aggregation in this group of mammals. Female gregariousness can reduce harassment by resident males by two mechanisms; directly by the 'dilution effect' or indirectly because resident males that defend large female groups are less harassing. In order to investigate the relationship between male harassment and female gregariousness in relation to the size of breeding groups, we analysed the behaviour of dominant males and their females in a breeding colony of Otaria flavescens. Females in large breeding groups received less harassment by resident males due to dilution effects and because males that defended a large group interacted less frequently with females than males with small groups.     

Fear in grasslands: the effect of Eurasian kestrels on skylark abundances

Predation has received considerable theoretical and empirical support in population regulation. The effect of predators, however, could be achieved in direct (killing) or indirect effects (such as displacement). In this paper, we explored the relationship between Eurasian kestrels Falco tinnunculus and skylarks Alauda arvensis in Mediterranean grasslands. First, we analysed the presence of skylarks in the kestrel diet over 9 years. We also compared a grassland area of experimentally increased kestrel density and a second grassland as control area to evaluate the direct or indirect effect on skylark abundance. We also considered two different habitats, grazed and ungrazed plots. If skylark abundance decreased as the kestrel breeding season progressed in high-density kestrel area compared with the control area, it would suggest a direct effect (predator hypothesis). If skylark abundance remains constant in both areas of contrasting kestrel density, it would suggest that skylarks avoid kestrels (avoidance hypothesis). We found that skylark abundance decreased in the kestrel area from the beginning of kestrel nest-box installation to recent years. The rate of skylark consumption decreased in a 9-year period as kestrel abundance increased, although the total amount skylark consumption did not show a decreasing trend. In addition, skylarks were more abundant in the kestrel-free area than in the kestrel area. Finally, we found that skylark abundance did not change through the kestrel breeding period in relation to grazing. We suggest that an increased breeding density of kestrels during their breeding period may force the skylarks to breed in other areas, which may explain the decline of their abundance.     

风景区中影视拍摄的环境规制研究

影视剧组在风景区的拍摄活动,往往造成风景区的环境破坏。文章首先对风景区中影视拍摄所造成的破坏类型进行分析,然后从相关责任主体方面探讨造成该问题的原因,最后根据环境规制发展的趋势,提出风景区中影视拍摄的规制对策：政府部门的强制性规制和影视剧组的自愿性规制两者相结合。     

高尔夫球场果岭土壤硝酸盐氮淋洗的模拟试验研究

通过对高尔夫球场施用化肥后的降雨过程进行模拟淋滤试验,测试了不同施肥量、降雨强度及植被密度条件下硝酸盐的淋失浓度,并借助SAS9．0软件对测试数据进行了统计分析。结果表明,在降雨总量相同的条件下,淋滤出的硝酸盐氮受植被密度和施肥量的影响较大,而降雨强度则元显著影响;在暴雨-稀草-高肥时的硝酸盐氮淋出量最多,而中雨-密草-低肥淋出量最少。土壤中硝酸盐氮含量与淋滤液中硝酸盐氮的淋失量规律吻合,即硝酸盐氮淋失量大时,土壤中的硝酸盐氮含量低;而硝酸盐氮淋失量小时,土壤中的硝酸盐氮含量高。     

低气压环境对军用电工电子产品的影响

介绍了我国西部地区典型的低气压环境,分析了低气压环境对军用电工电子产品性能的影响和损害:导致散热产品的温升增加,使产品外壳变形、密封件破坏,造成密封产品失效,加速挥发性物质的挥发,降低产品电气性能等.通过分析研究,旨在为相关企业提供理论依据和技术参考,以便在产品生产过程中,增强产品对环境的适应性,提高产品质量和军事效益.最后,概述了温度-低气压对产品的综合影响.     

两种N源对石油烃降解菌群降解柴油能力的影响

分别以酵母膏作为有机N源,(NH4)2SO4作为无机N源,在含N量相同(70 mmol/L)的条件下,按接种量2%,柴油1%,25℃,150 r/min摇床恒温培养,对海洋石油烃降解菌群进行了为期30 d 的液体摇瓶降解实验,通过GC-MS测定和分析,对柴油中正烷烃的降解情况进行了对比研究.结果表明,对柴油含量为1%的培养液,应用这两种不同N源,降解菌群对正烷烃的最终降解效果相同,均能完全降解,但有机N源只需3 d 时间就能完全降解正烷烃,比无机N源的降解时间短10倍多.因此,酵母膏对柴油的微生物降解具有极大的促进作用.