长三角典型城市公交车实际道路细颗粒物排放测试

为研究长三角典型城市公交车细颗粒物排放特征,采用便携式排放测试系统（PEMS）,对上海、杭州和苏州三大城市的8辆典型城市公交车开展实际道路细颗粒物排放实验。研究结果表明：长三角典型城市车辆的实际道路平均车速为22.7 km/h,怠速比例为20.4%,加减速比例为54.5%;在稳态行驶工况下,随车速增大,公交车颗粒物质量及数量排放呈逐渐增大趋势;在20 km/h车速范围内,上海国III、国IV和苏州国III公交车颗粒数浓度呈双峰粒径分布,其他公交车均为单峰分布;随比功率的增大,公交车颗粒质量呈逐渐增大的趋势,国IV公交车颗粒数量呈先下降再增大趋势,国III公交车颗粒数量呈上升趋势;公交车颗粒质量综合排放因子为0.8~189 mg/km,颗粒数量综合排放因子为6.2×10¹²~9.6×10¹⁴#/km。     

江苏省环境监测质量管理的探索与实践

针对目前交界断面水质监测与空气自动监测站质量管理工作中存在的质控难点,介绍了江苏省的解决办法。通过统一技术细节、联合监测及强化监测人员持证上岗自认定考核等手段,解决了交界断面水质监测技术纠纷;通过设立省级质管站、进行可信度评估等措施,强化空气自动监测站的质量管理。     

A Novel Formulation for Designing a Monitoring Strategy: Application to the Design of a River Quality Monitoring System

In this work, we propose a technique to automatically optimize the monitoring of any distributed indicator (concentration of a substance along a river, blood pressure of a patient over time, etc.) for which a reliable estimate is previously available. From a mathematical point of view, the problem is based on obtaining a reliable estimate of the chosen indicator (e.g., by numerical simulation), and then solving a multi-objective optimization problem (with mixed real and integer variables) whose solution must provide an efficient and satisfactory monitoring strategy. As an illustrative case, we show the steps to follow in order to implement that strategy when designing a system for monitoring water quality in a river. Finally, we present and analyze the results when applying the proposed technique to study a real case in the Neuse River (North Carolina, USA).     

G C/MS法测定环境空气中痕量POPs类有机氯农药及降解产物

采用快速溶剂萃取-氟罗里硅土柱净化-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定环境空气中POPs类有机氯农药及其降解产物.艾氏剂、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂、六六六、滴滴涕,七氯、氯丹、灭蚁灵及其降解产物的检出限为2.0 ng～4.6 ng,空白加标回收率为62.1%～118%,RSD为6.8%～15.2%.     

Speciation of Cr and its leachability in coal by-products from spanish coal combustion plants

This study evaluates the behaviour of total Cr and Cr (VI) during coal combustion in two Spanish power stations. The content and distribution of Cr in the feed coal and combustion wastes was determined and the Cr contents were normalized using enrichment factor indexes. The speciation of Cr in the fly ash fractions from the different hoppers of the electrostatic precipitators was established and the possibility that the Cr (VI) might lixiviate when ashes are disposed of at landfill sites was assessed. Differences in the distribution and behavior of Cr in the two power stations were observed. According to European directive 1999/31/CEE, soluble Cr(VI) in the fly ashes studied would be unlikely to pose an environmental or health risk when the ash is disposed of.     

非甲烷总烃测定中若干问题的研究

结合环境监测工作的实际情况,应用双柱双检测器气相色谱法,比较了非甲烷总烃不同的测定方法,探讨了在实际环境监测分析中非甲烷总烃测定过程的一些关键性技术问题,对色谱条件提出了几点优化建议,发现非甲烷总烃测定结果以甲烷计更接近实际监测情况,并验证了HJ/T 38—1999和HJ 604—2011方法中2种总烃标准曲线绘制方法的等效性,但在实际环境监测中HJ 604—2011方法操作更加简捷。双柱双检测器气相色谱法测定非甲烷总烃也存在严重的不足,基于FID响应值的非甲烷总烃不能准确全面反映空气有机污染程度,可能会掩盖空气中某些有机污染。     

The reproduction of Enchytraeus sp.—technical improvement for the counting of juveniles

Soil-dwelling annelids of the genus Enchytraeus are used in ecotoxicology for testing of chemicals mixed in artificial soil or for testing of wastes and soils of unknown quality. ISO 16387 describes a method for determining the effects of substances or contaminated soils on survival and reproduction of Enchytraeus albidus or of the smaller species Enchytraeus buchholzi or Enchy-traeus crypticus. After the total test duration of 6 (or 4)?weeks, the juveniles hatched in the meantime are counted. There are several possible extraction techniques, which are always followed by counting the juveniles by hand, but none of them seems easy to handle. We proposed a new modification of the worm extraction method using flotation of fixed and stained juveniles followed by taking a photograph. The digital image of the juveniles is evaluated by computer processing. It makes the counting of juveniles much easier and less labor intensive.