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211.
Manuel Soler Juan Gabriel Martinez Juan Josf Soler Anders Pape Møller 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1995,37(4):243-248
Hosts of brood parasites have evolved the ability to discriminate non-mimetic and even mimetic eggs, but not non-mimetic chicks. Here we demonstrate that the great spotted cuckoo Clamator glandarius does not provide its magpie Pica pica host with a super-normal stimulus that helps to avoid recognition, because single cuckoo chicks introduced into otherwise unparasitized magpie nests are not fed at a higher frequency than single magpie chicks introduced to parasitized magpie nests. Another series of experiments demonstrated that magpies have the ability to discriminate cuckoo chicks, mainly when these are introduced at the end of the nestling period, and especially when the cuckoo chick together with a magpie chick is presented to adult magpies outside the nest. This supports the idea that cuckoos exploit the obligatory reaction of magpies to feed all young that have been hatched in their nests and whose signatures they have learnt. Furthermore, the experimental cuckoo chicks in parasitized magpie nests were more likely to be accepted than they were in non-parasitized nests. This supports the hypothesis that magpies may learn to recognise their own nestlings as those present in the nest and may indicate that a comparison between cuckoo and magpie nestlings is the basis of discrimination. 相似文献
212.
云南籼稻核心种质回交后代苗期耐冷性研究 总被引:2,自引:3,他引:2
早春低温和连续阴雨是导致籼稻烂秧的主要因素之一,筛选耐冷的种质资源,将耐冷性基因导入高产的籼稻品种之中是防止低温冷害最为经济有效的方法。加强籼籼稻杂交后代的苗期耐冷性研究,可为籼稻耐冷性育种提供条件。以235份云南籼稻核心种质和云南主栽籼稻品种滇屯502(Oryzasatica)配制的杂种F5、BC1F4、BC2F3和BC3F2代为材料,在昆明自然条件下,对亲本及其后代进行苗期(三叶)耐冷性研究。结果表明,(1)不同回交世代与杂种与亲本间的苗期耐冷强弱差异较大,总体趋势为回交供体亲本>F5>BC1F4>BC2F3>BC3F2;揭示了随着回交世代的增加,其回交杂种苗期耐冷性减弱,越来越趋于轮回亲本,在耐冷育种上对回交供体亲本及其早世代材料进行选择更易获得苗期强耐冷材料。(2)同一稻作区,回交供体亲本的苗期耐冷强于杂种后代;稻作区划间,回交供体亲本及杂种F5总趋势相近,滇中一季籼稻粳稻区和滇东北高原粳稻区材料耐冷最强,而BC1F4、BC2F3和BC3F23个回交世代存在一定差异。 相似文献
213.
生物膜法降解甲苯废气过程的探讨 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
采用陶粒为填料的生物滤池降解甲苯废气,并对清水试验和生物膜试验的结果进行分析,发现生物膜法降解甲苯这样的挥发性有机物(VOCs)具有良好的效果,已不再是清水试验中单纯的物理吸收过程,而是伴有生化反应的吸收过程,是以气膜控制为主的传质过程。 相似文献
214.
215.
216.
Weiguo Luo Shihe Wang Juan Huang Lu Yan Jun Huang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2007,1(3):316-319
To determine the impact of photosynthesis and transpiration on nitrogen removal in wetlands, an artificial wetland planted with reeds was constructed to treat highly concentrated domestic wastewater. Under different meteorological and hydraulic conditions, the daily changes of photosynthesis and transpiration of reeds, as well as nitrogen removal efficiency were measured. It was found that net photosynthesis rate per unit leaf area was maintained on a high level (average 19.0 μmol CO2/(m2·s)) from 10:00 to 14:00 in July 2004 and reached a peak of 21.1 μmol CO2/(m2·s) when Photon Flux Density was high during the day. Meanwhile, TN and NH4 +-N removal efficiency rose to 79.6% and 89.6%, respectively—the maximum values observed in the test. Correlation coefficient analysis demonstrated a positive correlation among photon flux density, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and TN and NH4 +-N removal efficiency. In contrast, there was a negative correlation between stomatal conductance and TN and NH4 +-N removal efficiency. Results suggest that the photosynthesis and transpiration of wetland plants have a great impact on nitrogen removal efficiency of wetlands, which can be enhanced by an increase in the photosynthesis and transpiration rate. In addition, the efficiency of water usage by reeds and nitrogen removal efficiency could be affected by the water level in wetlands; a higher level boosts nitrogen removal efficiency. 相似文献
217.
218.
We studied some aspects of the population dynamics of the yellow clam Mesodesma mactroides (Deshayes, 1854) which inhabits the eastern sandy beaches of Uruguay. Observations were made from March 1983 through March 1985 (harvesting season), and additional data from January 1988 to December 1989 (closed season) were also included in the analyses. Parameters of growth and mortality were estimated by methods that make use of age or length information. An age/length relationship was constructed by counting growth rings. Results were consistent with those obtained with modal class progression analysis and other length/frequency methods. The growth curve obtained from the age/length relationship did not account for seasonality in growth rate, and a seasonal growth model explained growth oscillations in a better way. The instantaneous coefficient of natural mortality (M) estimated for the closed season was 1.64, whereas an increase in fishing mortality (F) was observed during 1984. Age composition did not change during the 2 yr of study, and the first 6 mm class accounted for over 50% of the population. The main contribution of recruits was observed between late summer and early fall (February to April), and the recruitment pattern suggested one main settlement period per year. Growth and recruitment success appeared to be regulated by density-dependence processes. Some implications for management are considered in this context. Methodological aspects concerning the reliability of empirical equations and programs for estimating growth and mortality are discussed. 相似文献
219.
220.
PAC-SBR反应器处理制药废水活性污泥驯化实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
制药废水的特点是成分复杂,有机物浓度高,且含有难生物降解和有抑制作用的抗生素等毒性物质.较为适合的处理方法是生化处理。文章研究了PAC-SBR反应器处理盐酸林可霉素原料药生产废水过程中活性污泥的驯化。活性污泥经1个月3个阶段的驯化后,发现在逐渐提高制药废水投加量的污泥驯化过程中,当投加量为1%时,去除率连续4d基本上稳定在90%以上。出水COD值全部在40mg/L以下。随着制药废水投加量的增加.COD去除率及出水质量有所下降,但仍能保持较高的COD去除率。较长时间稳定的去除率表明,污泥已基本适应盐酸林可霉素原料药的生产废水特性,活性污泥驯化完成。 相似文献