泸沽湖生态旅游建设研究

生态旅游强调开采取一系列措施保护旅游业以生存和发展的资源和环境，泸沽湖生态旅游资源丰富，独特，发展生态旅游潜力巨大，在泸沽湖旅游业发展中，只有将生态旅游的保护思想融入旅游开发和管理，才能实现可持续发展，否则最终将导致旅游业的衰落。     

Does the long-term application of calcium superphosphate lead to an increase of the soil rare earth element contents?

In order to test whether the long-term application of calcium superphosphate leads to an increase of the soil rare earth element contents, superphosphate fertilized soils were sampled and compared with superphosphate-free soils. Spectrophlame inductively coupled argon plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer （ICP-AES） was applied to quantify the rare earth elements （REEs）. The total rare earth element contents in calcium superphosphate from Zhijin County, west part of Guizhou Province, China （produced by the sulphuric acid treatment of the apatites） are about 2.54 mg/g. Between 38 and 189 gREEs/hm^2 per year （available for plants, estimated by 2% citric acid） will be introduced into the soil solution when applying 320 kg superphosphate/hm^2 per year. The long-term application of the latter will increase the REE content by about 18% in the soil surface layer in these areas. A statistically significant increase of the content of the rare earths in some cultivated soils should not be neglected.     

五株分离酵母菌的甘油酯和脂肪酸降解活性比较

比较了5株从环境中筛选得到的酵母菌[博伊丁假丝酵母(Candida boidinii Ramirez热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis),深红酵母(Rhodotorula rubra),产朊假丝酵母(Candida utilis),皮状丝孢酵母(Trichosporon Cutaneum)]对甘油酯和脂肪酸的降解活性.其中皮状丝孢酵母对甘油酯具有较高的降解活性,在7d的时间里对以甘油酯为主要成分的豆油去除率为47%;所有菌株均具有较高的脂肪酸降解活性,在1d的时间里对以脂肪酸为主要成分的色拉油加工废水的油去除率达50%～90%.5株酵母菌混合培养后对色拉油加工废水的油比降解速率明显提高,是单株菌的4～8倍.色拉油加工废水油去除率的进一步提高在于强化复合微生物体系中的甘油酯降解.     

与时俱进,迎接挑战,争创环境保护模范城--呼和浩特市创建全国环境保护模范城浅析

本文按照“十六大”提出的“四新”要求，以国家调整创建环境保护模范城指标为契机，客观实际地分析了呼市创建全国环境保护模范城存在的困难以及面临的机遇与挑战，为呼市下一步争创环保模范城提出了合理化建议。     

燃煤过程中微量元素砷和硒形态转化的热力学平衡模拟

砷和硒是煤中的易挥发有毒微量元素。由于砷和硒在燃煤烟气中的浓度极低以及实验条件的限制 ,目前化学热力学平衡分析已成为预报烟气中砷和硒等有毒元素形态分布的主要理论分析方法。本文综述了热力学平衡分析方法应用于砷和硒在燃煤过程中形态转化和平衡分布等方面的研究进展。首先用于热力学平衡分析的是只含有砷或硒一种微量元素和煤中主量元素及氯元素的简单体系 ,并假设烟气中只有理想气体组成的气相和纯凝聚相的理想模型。然而是否考虑砷和硒与其他微量、主量或次量元素的相互作用 ,砷和硒所有可能存在的反应 ,以及在熔融相砷和硒与熔融物的结合会严重地影响模型的预报结果 ,因此 ,目前热力学平衡体系已发展成为含有包括砷和硒在内的多个微量元素和煤中所有主量、次量元素 ,以及包括熔融相在内的非理想多相复杂体系     

Full-scale experience for nitrogen removal from piggery waste.

The nitrogen-removal performances of three full-scale piggery wastewater treatment plants, with different organic and nitrogen loads, at the capacity ranges of 95 to 130 m3/d, were compared in this study. Plants 1 and 2 can be characterized as the modification of anoxic-aerobic operating systems, while an anaerobic and anoxic-aerobic system was used in plant 3. The influent piggery wastewater concentration for plant 1 was relatively lower, but with higher organic and nitrogen loads, resulting in higher chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium-nitrogen in effluent. Plant 2 was operated with strong piggery wastewater, resulting in a higher operating temperature. The high temperature could inhibit the nitrifying activity in plant 2. Although plant 3 was operated with a higher influent total COD-to-total Kjeldahl nitrogen ratio (TCOD:TKN), an additional external carbon source was required to polish the final effluent to remove nitrogen. Influent COD in plant 3 was used in the anaerobic-anoxic reactor for both methane (CH4) production and denitrification. Based on various mass balances, including caloric, COD, and alkalinity, the key elements for the successful nitrogen removal from the piggery waste were reactor temperature (less than 35degrees C), influent TCOD:TKN (greater than 6), and alkalinity-to-TKN ratio (greater than 3).     

超滤分离、浓缩、脱盐青霉素酰化酶的研究

本文用中空纤维超滤膜对青霉素酰化酶进行了分离、浓缩的研究、实验了不同种类的膜、不同的酶活浓度、不同运行时间和不同压力等因素对膜透水量、截留率和酶的回收率的影响。结果表明:采用超滤技术分离、浓缩、脱盐青霉素酰化酶工艺,具有操作简单,酶的比活高,回收率高和省能等特点,适用于工业化生产。     

污水塘自净作用及环境因素的影响

本文研究了在自然状况下污水塘的净化作用及其效率,通过对总氮、总磷、COD_(Cr)和BOD_5等在进、出水中的含量与水温进行回归分析,建立了三者之间的相关性方程。同时讨论了水温对污水塘的自净效率的影响。     

抚仙湖流域主要生态安全问题识别

对抚仙湖的水质污染、水环境安全、生物多样性环境安全、湖泊湿地与环境安全、水资源4方面进行了安全问题识别,在此基础上开展抚仙湖生态资源环境安全问题识别,包括农业耕作土污染的环境安全问题、土壤侵蚀（水土流失）环境安全问题。结果表明：抚仙湖的生态安全面临一定的威胁,必须采取有效措施,切实解决生态环境问题,维护湖泊生态安全。     

Relation of hepatic EROD activity and CYP1A level in Sebastiscus marmoratus exposed to benzo[a]pyrene

This study was designed to investigate the in vivo effects of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) on hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and its correlation with cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) protein levels in Sebastiscus marmoratus, which were exposed through a water column to BaP (10, 100, 1000 ng/L, respectively) or were treated with intraperitoneal injections of BaP (0.5, 1, 5, 10 mg/kg, respectively) every 7 d. The results showed that after 25 d of waterborne exposure to 1000 ng/L BaP, fish hepatic CYP1A levels and EROD activity were significantly induced. In contrast, EROD activity was not altered 7 d after second ip injections, whereas, CYP1A protein levels were increased. Dose-dependent increase of biliary BaP metabolites demonstrated that the catalytic activity of CYP1A was induced by treatment with BaP. The lowest observable effect concentration with regard to biliary BaP metabolites (100 ng/L) was much lower than that with reference to EROD activity (1000 ng/L). The results suggest that biliary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites were shown to better reflect the contamination gradients of PAHs than EROD activity. It appeared to be necessary to measure CYP1A protein levels to complement the EROD activity in relevant toxicological assessments.