长江口最大浑浊带潮滩沉积物间隙水营养盐剖面研究

2005-03～2006-02对长江口崇明东滩高、中、低潮滩3个典型站点沉积物间隙水中各营养盐成分含量及其随深度的变化做了为期1a的逐月观测.结果显示,研究区域间隙水中NH₄⁺和SiO₃^2-的浓度一般在200～500μmol/L之间,高、中、低潮滩间显示出了不同的分布态势;与高潮滩和中潮滩相比,没有植被覆盖、粒径较粗的低潮滩往往具有较高的NH+4浓度和较低的SiO₃^2-浓度;     

Sorption of Cr(VI) from dilute solutions and wastewater by live and pretreated biomass of Aspergillus flavus

Sorption of Cr(VI) was carried out from dilute solutions using live and pretreated biomass in a batch mode. Effects of agitation time, adsorbent dosage and pH were examined. The autoclaved biomass that showed maximum adsorption capacity (Q(0)=0.335 mg g(-1)) was used as an adsorbent in column studies. The optimized flow rate of 2.5 ml min(-1) and bed height 10 cm were used to determine the effect of metal ion concentration on removal of Cr(VI). Applying the BDST model to calculate the adsorption capacity (N(0)) of column, which showed 4.56 x 10(-5), 7.28 x 10(-5), 6.89 x 10(-5), 3.07 x 10(-5), 2.80 x 10(-5)mg g(-1) for 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 mg dm(-3) of Cr(VI), respectively. Batch sorption proved to be more efficient than the column sorption and hence batch sorption was used to remove Cr(VI) from a textile dyeing industry wastewater. The phytotoxic effect of treated and untreated wastewater was studied against Zea mays. Toxicity was reduced by 50% in the treated effluent.     

An exploration of the relationship between adsorption and bioavailability of pesticides in soil to earthworm

A study was conducted to determine the adsorption/desorption of butachlor, myclobutanil and chlorpyrifos on five soils using a batch equilibration technique and to study the relationship between bioavailability to Allolobophora caliginosa and the adsorption/desorption of these three pesticides. The results showed that the adsorption/desorption processes of the tested compounds were mainly controlled by soil organic matter content (OM) and octanol/water-partitioning coefficient (K(ow)), and that the bioavailability of the pesticides was dependent on characteristics of pesticides, properties of soils, and uptake routes of earthworms. Bioconcentration of butachlor and myclobutanil was negatively correlated with Freundlich adsorption constant K(af) and K(df). However, only a slightly positive correlation between bioconcentration and K(af) and K(df) was observed for chlorpyrifos due to its high affinity onto soil.     

Sorption and degradation of imidacloprid in soil and water

Imidacloprid, the major component of many widely used insecticide formulations, is highly persistent in soils. In this study, the sorption of imidacloprid by six soils as well as its photodegradation and hydrolysis in water were studied. The soils differed significantly in organic matter content and other physical and chemical properties. Sorption increased with increasing soil organic matter content but was not significantly correlated with other soil properties. Removal of organic matter via H2O2 oxidation decreased the sorption. By normalizing the Freundlich coefficients (Kf) to organic matter contents, the variability in obtained sorption coefficient (Kom) was substantially reduced. These results indicate that soil organic matter was the primary sorptive medium for imidacloprid. The low heat of sorption calculated from Kom suggests that partition into soil organic matter was most likely the mechanism. The photodegradation and hydrolysis of imidacloprid in water followed pseudo-first-order kinetics; however, the latter process needed a six-time-higher activation energy. While both processes produced the same main intermediate, they occurred via different pathways. The hydrolysis of imidacloprid was not catalyzed by the high interlayer pH in the presence of metal-saturated clays, which appeared to result from the lack of the pesticide adsorption in the interlayers of clays.     

业主单位应对商务楼宇安全管理的对策与思考

近年来,作为现代服务业的象征,楼宇经济已成为区域经济发展的支柱,其产业聚能和辐射效应日益凸显,但与此同时,它也给业主单位的安全管理带来了新的挑战。本文针对商务楼宇的主要类型以及安全管理工作中存在的主要问题,从业主单位必须创新商务楼宇安全管理工作理念,完善商务楼宇安全管理工作机制,提升商务楼宇安全管理的专业化、信息化和社会化三个方面探索了顺应时代发展需要、符合商务楼宇自身特色的安全管理模式,以期为我国商务楼宇的安全管理提供新的思路。     

清江流域1995-2000年土壤侵蚀时空变化

土壤侵蚀是造成地表水土流失的直接原因，也是我国国土整治的主要目标和任务。清江流域地处湖北省西南部，严重的土壤侵蚀是该地区生态环境恶化的主要原因，也是社会经济发展的主要限制因素之一。在野外调查的基础上，利用1：10地形图和1995年、2000年两期Landsat—TM遥感影像为基本信息源，在“3S”技术支持下对清江流域的土壤侵蚀进行动态监测。结果显示，5年来清江流域土壤侵蚀（轻度及轻度以上侵蚀、水土流失）面积共减少10．98km^2，减少了0．06％，但全区土壤侵蚀面积仍占土地总面积的40．70％，说明本区土壤侵蚀仍然十分严重。该区经过近5年的水土保持治理和生态环境建设，强度和极强度土壤侵蚀区治理取得了一定进展，没有进一步恶化，而微度、轻度和中度侵蚀区出现了侵蚀强度增大的现象，说明由于各种自然原因和人为原因的存在，该区的土壤侵蚀仍处于边治理边破坏的状态，虽然整体侵蚀面积在减少，但有些地区的侵蚀强度在加重，若不采取合理措施极可能继续恶化而进一步转化为强度和极强度侵蚀。     

浙江省丽水市空气质量的健康效应分析

本研究利用2013~2018年丽水空气质量、健康及气象等官方数据，采用半参数广义可加模型分析了丽水市空气质量状况与人群健康效应之间的关系.结果表明：（1）大气污染物可导致人群心血管疾病和呼吸系统疾病死亡率的增加，PM_2.5和O₃对于男性的影响显著高于女性，NO₂和SO₂对于女性的影响显著高于男性，污染物对于65岁以上人口的影响更为明显；（2）O₃对于全人群超额死亡风险的贡献率高达40%~50%，远高于PM_2.5对健康造成的危害，O₃已经成为丽水市最为突出的空气污染物.但是男性和女性有明显差异，O₃对于男性的超额风险贡献率最大，NO₂对于女性的超额风险贡献率最大；（3）丽水市污染物浓度处于剂量-效应关系曲线的低浓度处，单位污染物浓度的变化导致超额死亡率变化较大，降低单位浓度污染物产生的健康效益也更为显著.     

混凝剂处理染料及其中间体废水应用

带磺酸基的染料及其中间体废水是一大处理难题，通常大多数絮凝剂不适用。通过研究发现，聚合硫酸亚铁与阳离子聚丙烯酰胺作为絮凝剂处理该类废水，具有良好的处理效果。     

火电厂烟气脱硫工程的调试技术服务

电厂烟气脱硫工程的调试是一门新课题。本文就如何掌握其系统性、规律性及如何建立验评体系进行了探索。     

长江三角洲地区城镇扩展、开发区设置遥感解译

长江三角洲地区开发区的设置同城市扩展紧密相联，１９８５年以来掀起了办开发区热。通过遥感信息的解译，获取了城镇扩展和开发区的设置的数据，至１９９３年下半年，经过调整，开发区走上了稳步、健康发展的轨道，成为经济发展的“窗口”与“示范”。